简述

需求：读书网数据入库
环境：python3.7，pycharm
脚本需求：scrapy、pymysql

操作

1.下载scrapy

pip install scrapy

2.创建项目：scrapy startproject dushu

3.跳转到 spiders 路径 cd\dushu\dushu\spiders

4.创建爬虫类：scrapy genspider ‐t crawl read www.dushu.com

5.items（实体类）

import scrapy

class ScrapyDushuItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    name = scrapy.Field()
    src = scrapy.Field()
    author = scrapy.Field()
    intro = scrapy.Field()
    pass

6.spiders（爬虫文件）

• 注意第一页数据地址

read.py

import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy_dushu.items import ScrapyDushuItem


class ReadSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'read'
    allowed_domains = ['www.dushu.com']
    # 1107表示的是科技类图书
    start_urls = ['https://www.dushu.com/book/1107_1.html']
	# 处理规则,不跟进(取13页数据)
    rules = (
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'/book/1107_\d+\.html'), callback='parse_item', follow=False),
    )
	# 信息爬取
    def parse_item(self, response):
        info_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="book-info"]')

        for info in info_list:
            src = info.xpath('.//img/@data-original').extract_first()
            name = info.xpath('.//img/@alt').extract_first()
            author = info.xpath('.//p[1]/text()').extract_first()
            intro = info.xpath('.//p[2]/text()').extract_first()

            book = ScrapyDushuItem(name=name,src=src,author=author,intro=intro)
            yield book

7.settings.py 打开管道

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'scrapy_dushu.pipelines.ScrapyDushuPipeline': 300,
   'scrapy_dushu.pipelines.MysqlPipeline': 300
}

8.pipelines.py 数据保存到本地

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter


class ScrapyDushuPipeline:

    def open_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp = open('book.csv','w',encoding='utf-8')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.fp.write(str(item['name']) + ',' + str(item['src']) + ',' + str(item['author']) + ',' + str(item['intro']) + '\n')
        return item

    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp.close()

9.链接跟进
跟进后取所有数据
read.py

Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'/book/1107_\d+\.html'), callback='parse_item', follow=True),

数据入库

下载 pymysql

pip install pymysql

（1）创建数据库以及表

CREATE DATABASE `spider01` default character set = 'utf8';
USE `spider01`;
CREATE TABLE book(
`id` INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(128),
`src` VARCHAR(128),
`author` VARCHAR(50),
`intro` VARCHAR(128));

（2）settings配置参数：

DB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
DB_PORT = 3306
DB_USER = 'root'
DB_PASSWORD = '123456'
DB_NAME = 'spider01'
DB_CHARSET = 'utf8'

（3）管道配置
pipelines.py

from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
import pymysql

class MysqlPipeline:

    # __init__方法和open_spider的作用是一样的
    # init是获取settings中的连接参数
    def __init__(self):
        settings = get_project_settings()
        self.host = settings['DB_HOST']
        self.port = settings['DB_PORT']
        self.user = settings['DB_USER']
        self.pwd = settings['DB_PASSWORD']
        self.name = settings['DB_NAME']
        self.charset = settings['DB_CHARSET']
        self.connect()

    # 连接数据库并且获取cursor对象
    def connect(self):
        self.conn = pymysql.connect(host=self.host,
                                    port=self.port,
                                    user=self.user,
                                    password=self.pwd,
                                    db=self.name,
                                    charset=self.charset)
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        sql = 'insert into book(name,src,author,intro) values("{}","{}","{}","{}")'.format(item['name'],item['src'],item['author'],item['intro'])
        # 执行sql语句
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        self.conn.commit()
        return item

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.conn.close()
        self.cursor.close()

在配置文件中也新增管道

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'scrapy_dushu.pipelines.ScrapyDushuPipeline': 300,
   'scrapy_dushu.pipelines.MysqlPipeline': 300
}

最终数据展示