文章目录

• • @[toc]
  • 前提条件
  • 镜像构建
  • 启动 webvirtmgr
  • • 创建其他 superuser
    • 配置 nginx 反向代理和域名访问
    • 绑定 kvm 宿主机
    • • local socket
      • tcp 连接
    • 虚拟机创建
    • 创建快照
    • 虚拟机克隆
    • 删除虚拟机

• kvm 官方提供了以下这些图形化管理，license 这块也提示了是商业版（Commercial）的还是哪个开源协议的，或者免费的范围
• 这边主要的需求就是有个 kvm 的图形化管理工具，通过浏览器就可以访问，机器不多，也不涉及私有云，这边就选择了 WebVirtMgr，能有简单的颜值，还有 vnc 模式访问虚拟机
  • WebVirtMgr 是用 Python 和 Django 编写的，基于 Libvirt 的 Python 接口，将日常 kvm 的管理操作变的更加的可视化。
  • WebVirtMgr的官网地址：http://retspen.github.io/
  • WebVirtMgr的 github 地址：https://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr

Name/URL	Description	UI Type	Last Updated	Notes	License
Abiquo	Abiquo is a technology-agnostic solution for enterprises and service providers who want to quickly and simply build, manage and develop public and private clouds based on their existing heterogeneous environments.	Web, REST	Active	KVM, Xen, VirtualBox, VMware, Hyper-V & XenServer support; uses libvirt	Commercial
Archipel	Archipel is an Open Source project that aims to bring push notifications to virtualization orchestration using XMPP.	Web	Active	KVM, Xen, Virtual Box & OpenVZ support; uses libvirt	AGPL v3
AQemu	a Qt4 user interface for KVM	Desktop	2013-05-30		GPL v2
cloonix	cloonix is a virtualization management framework aimed at virtual networks building based on kvm.	Gui/cli	Active	KVM	RPL Licence
CloudStack	Cloudstack is an open source project that enables the deployment, management, and configuration of multi-tier and multi-tenant infrastructure cloud services using Xen, KVM and VMware hypervisors.	Web	Active	KVM, Xen & VMware support	Apache License v2
ConVirt	ConVirt 2.0 Open Source is the leading open source product for managing Xen and KVM, enabling you to standardize and proactively manage your virtualized environment in a centralized fashion.	Web	Active	Xen & KVM; formerly known as xenman	GPL v2
Enomaly	a programmable virtual cloud infrastructure for small, medium and large businesses	Web, REST	Not available as of 2010-02-08	they have commercial and open source editions	Commercial/AGPL v3
Eucalyptus	Eucalyptus is open source software for building AWS-compatible private and hybrid clouds. Eucalyptus allows IT organizations to build an on-premises Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud that pools together compute, storage, and network resources. With Eucalyptus, developers can leverage knowledge and tools around AWS APIs, including EC2, S3, EBS, IAM, Auto Scaling, Elastic Load Balancing, and CloudWatch. IT can create a flexible hybrid cloud environment so that developers can develop sooner, test more, and deploy faster while giving IT and cloud admins greater control of cloud performance, scale, and security.	Web, CLI, REST, SOAP	Active	Supports KVM and VMware. Uses libvirt. View the Eucalyptus Compatibility Matrix: http://bit.ly/QfH4Iv	GPL v3
Foreman	Foreman is aimed to be a Single Address For All Machines LifeCycle Management including bare metal / vm / cloud provisioning, configuration managememnt and configureation reports/auditing using puppet	Web, REST, CLI	Active	KVM, VMWare, oVirt RHEV-M, EC2, OpenStack	GPL v3
Ganeti	Ganeti is a cluster virtual server management software tool built on top of existing virtualization technologies	CLI	Active	KVM support added in Ganeti 2.0	GPL v2
GKVM	A Gnome user interface for KVM.	Desktop	2007-08-01		GPL v2
Karesansui	Karesansui is an open-source virtualization management application. It’s smart graphical user interface lowers your management cost, and brings a total management/audit solution for both physical and virtual servers.	Web, REST	November 2013	KVM & Xen support; uses libvirt	LGPL v2.1/GPL v2
kimchi	Kimchi is an HTML5 based management tool for KVM. It is designed to make itas easy as possible to get started with KVM and create your first guest.	WEB	Active	KVM	LGPL,Apache License v2
Kubevirt	Virtualization API for Kubernetes	CLI, API	Active	Run VMs in Kubernetes	Apache License v2
kvmadm	a minimalistic set of command-line tools to control multi-user utilization of KVM	CLI	2007-09-25		GPL v2
kvmupdown	simple, robust and no-bloat management interface.	CLI	Link broken, probably terminated project	KVM	public domain
kvm-admin	Python scripts for managing the guests (boot, shutdown …) and include a commandline monitor .	CLI	Active	kvm support	GPL v2
kvm-wrapper	kvm-wrapper is a lightweight, simple and intended to be hackable set of shell scripts that help manage kvm virtual machines a great deal.	CLI	Active	KVM support	WTFPL (v2)
Mist.io	Mist.io provides a unifed dashboard / API for managing your entire infrastructure - public and private clouds, KVM and VMware hypervisors, bare metal, and containers. You can install the open-source version or use the freemium service. Try it out	Web, Mobile, REST API, CLI	Active	Uses libvirt and libcloud for VM management. Supports KVM, several public cloud providers, OpenStack, Docker and bare metal servers.	AGPL v3 for the open source version, Commercial for the service
Morpheus	Morpheus provides a single dashboard for managing hybrid infrastructure - KVM, Xen, VMware hypervisors, public clouds, bare metal, and containers. Learn more.	UI, API, and CLI	Active		Commercial (community licensing for testing and lab environments; up to 25 workloads and 3 clouds)
nbsvm	No Bullshit VMs. No setup required. No dependencies but sudo, and LVM or ZFS. Start, stop, create and clone images and view VMs using simple chained commands. Basically applies sane (overridden by cli or file) defaults to the kvm invocation and gets out of the way. Sudo invocation is designed to allow user access controls.	CLI	February 2014		WTFPL 2
Nimbula Director	Nimbula Director is a Cloud Operating System that enables Infrastructure as a Service using the KVM.	Web, CLI, REST	Active	KVM support	Commercial (Freemium)
op5	op5 develops and delivers op5 Monitor a enterprise-class software for IT monitoring and administration of the whole IT. op5 developed a KVM plug-in to monitor KVM virtualization infrastructure that allows organizations to have better capacity planning, which enables the provisioning of usage of resources such as storage, CPU, and memory more proactively.	Web, REST	Active	Uses libvirt	GPL v2
OpenNebula	an open source virtual infrastructure engine	CLI, XML-RPC	Active	cloud computing managment; uses libvirt	Apache License v2
OpenNode	RHEL/CentOS based open-source server virtualization and management solution - simple bare-metal installer, providing KVM+OpenVZ host and standard libvirt, func management interfaces together with standard cli tools like virsh and vzctl. OpenNode Management Server with ajax web-based management console available - as is RPC-JSON API interface.	Web, CLI, API	Active	Bare-metal installer, KVM, OpenVZ hypervizors and variety of management tools	Unknown
openQRM	openQRM is the next generation, open-source Data-center management platform.	Web	Active	KVM, Xen, VMware and Linux V-Server support	GPL v2
oVirt	oVirt is a virtualization management framework constisting of a small host image, the oVirt Node, that provides the libvirt service to host virtual machines, and a robust vm management software stack, controlled by a web-based management interface, the oVirt Server.	Web	Active	uses libvirt	Apache License v2
Platform9 Managed OpenStack	Platform9 makes it very easy to manage a KVM environment with resource pooling and automation. Platform9’s Openstack service easily integrates with any new or existing Linux servers. KVM expertise is helpful but not required. The OpenStack service supports major Linux distributions including CentOS, RHEL & Ubuntu. See the demos for KVM.	UI, OpenStack CLI, OpenStack API & integrations (puppet, ansible, chef, vagrant, etc).	Active	Fast, Easy & Affordable for anyone familiar with Linux. See KVM Management w/ OpenStack.	Commercial. A free trial is available.
Proxmox VE	Proxmox Virtual Environment (Proxmox VE) is an open-source server virtualization management platform to manage VMs and containers.The Debian-based platform uses KVM as hypervisor and also provides OS-level virtualization using LXC containers. It provides enterprise-class features like clustering, high availability, networking, live migration, backup/restore, integrates a built-in firewall and come with various storage plugins such as LVM, LVM-thin, iSCSI/kernel, iSCSI/libiscsi, Ceph/RBD, Sheepdog, ZFS over iSCSI, ZFS (local), directory, NFS, CIFS, and GlusterFS.	Web, CLI, API	Active	Bare-metall ISO installer including KVM and LXC management tools	AGPL v3
PVM	( PDNSoft Virtual Machine Management System) is a hypervisor based on KVM.It provides new application stack to manage KVM virtual machines instead of using Libvirt with it’s own considerations.Cluster and user awareness is specific features in PVM design, so managing of HA and other features is done by PVM application stack that is placed directly on KVM.	Desktop,CLI	Active	Bar-metall installer	Commercial
Plain qemu/kvm	You can run qemu/kvm straight from the command line	CLI	Active	See man (qemu-system-x86_64 or kvm or qemu-kvm) for more info	GPL v2
Red Hat Virtualization / RHV	Commercial management solution for RHEL / KVM.	Web	Active		Commercial
SolusVM	The most popular control panel for commercial use.	Web	Active	KVM, Xen & OpenVZ support	Commercial
Stackops Openstack Distro	Stackops is an Openstack Nova distribution verified and tested for KVM. You only need to download the ISO image with the distro and install it on one or more servers.	CLI, REST	Active	KVM & QEMU (libvirt based)	Apache License v2
UVMM	UCS Virtual Machine Manager (UVMM) is an easy-to-use and powerful administration tool for KVM. It virtualizes Microsoft Windows, Univention Corporate Server and other Linux distributions by providing all the necessary functions for creating and managing virtual instances (also OpenStack and Amazon EC2-based resources) and hard drives on physical servers centrally via a web-based modern interface. On AWS it also manages Virtual Private Clouds (VPC). UVMM is included in Univention Corporate Server by default, an easy-to-use and scalable Enterprise distribution with an integrated management system for the central management of heterogeneous environments.	Web, CLI	Active	Supports KVM, Uses libvirt	Free for use, AGPL v3
virsh	A minimal shell around libvirt for managing VMs	CLI	Active	Uses libvirt	LGPL
Virtualbricks	Python-gtk GUI to manage guest and hybrid (host/guest) networks.	CLI	2011-11-23	kvm, qemu, ksm & VDE support	GPL v2
VMM / Virtual Machine Manager	Also known as virt-manager. A desktop user interface for managing virtual machines.	Desktop	Active	Uses libvirt	GPL v2
VMM’s supporting tools virt-install/clone/convert	Command line tools for provisioning new VMs, cloning existing VMs and importing / converting appliance images.	CLI	Active	Uses libvirt	GPL v2
VMmanager	Software solution for virtualization management that can be used both for hosting virtual machines and building a cloud. With VMmanager you can manage not only one server, but a large cluster of hypervisors. It delivers a number of functions, such as live migration that allows for load balancing between cluster nodes, monitoring CPU, memory and I/O operation enabling to detect problematic nodes, use of local and networks storages, and many tools for efficient management.	Web, CLI, REST	Active	KVM, uses libvirt	Commercial
vmmaestro	vmmaestro is a tiny shell script which can start/stop/monitor KVM guests.	CLI	Active	KVM	MIT License
VM-King	VM-King is an Android App that allows you to manage your hypervisior remotely from your Android mobile or tablet. This app supports the following functions: Start/stop/destroy VM, restore and delete snapshots, get screenshot of running VMs, get remote display connection information (VNC/Spice).	mobile, tablet	Active	KVM	free
WebVirtMgr	Web service for managing VMs based on the KVM	WEB	Active	Only KVM; use libvirt	Apache License v2
Witsbits	Witsbits enables you to set up your servers with virtualization and deploy virtual machines faster than ever before. It’s a complete virtualization solution with a self-upgrading hypervisor and cloud-based centralized management, reducing time spent on maintenance to a fraction of what other solutions require. The self-configuring hypervisor comes as a Live CD, delivering the fastest time-to-deployment by removing the need for spending time on installation and configuration.	Web	Active	Live CD Hypervisor with SaaS Management System	Free for 5 CPUs (full version)

前提条件

开始这篇文章的时候，默认已经部署了 kvm，如果没有部署，可以参考我之前的博客：CentOS 7 部署 KVM 虚拟化

以下的操作环境是 centos 7 这个发行版

镜像构建

• 官方最后一次更新已经是 2015年6月22日 了，官方也没有 docker 镜像，这边选择咱们自己构建
• 如果你的服务器有魔法，可以直接 git clone 一下 webvirtmgr 的包，没有的话，可以和我一样，提前从 github 上下载下来，上传到机器上，然后 ADD 到容器里面
• 这个项目已经很悠久了，只能用 2.x 的 python，这里就直接用 centos 作为基础镜像，对比过 debian 和 python 镜像，构建完都要1G多，用 centos 构建完只有 560MB

FROM docker.m.daocloud.io/centos:7.6.1810

ADD start.sh /start.sh
ADD webvirtmgr-4.8.9.tar.gz /

WORKDIR /webvirtmgr-4.8.9

# yum 相关的依赖
RUN rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo && \
    curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo && \
    yum install -y epel* && \
    yum install -y python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify gcc python-devel && \
    yum clean all

# python 相关的依赖
RUN pip install numpy==1.16.3 -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ && \
    pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ && \
    echo no | python manage.py syncdb && \
    echo yes | python manage.py collectstatic

# webvirtmgr 通过 tcp 连接 kvm 相关的依赖
RUN yum install -y cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-scram cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-md5 && \
    yum clean all

CMD ["/usr/bin/bash","/start.sh"]

这里是 ADD 里面的启动脚本 start.sh，本地记得 chmod +x start.sh 加个执行权限

echo "from django.contrib.auth.models import User; User.objects.create_superuser('admin', 'admin@localhost', '1qaz@WSX')" | /usr/bin/python /webvirtmgr-4.8.9/manage.py shell
/usr/bin/python /webvirtmgr-4.8.9/manage.py run_gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --log-file /webvirtmgr-4.8.9/webvirtmgr.log --daemon
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
  nohup /usr/bin/python /webvirtmgr-4.8.9/console/webvirtmgr-console &> /dev/null &
  sleep 3
  tail -f /webvirtmgr-4.8.9/webvirtmgr.log
fi

构建镜像

docker build -t webvirtmgr:4.8.9-centos-7.6 .

启动 webvirtmgr

启动参数仅供参考，里面有些配置是我本地环境相关的

• 如果 kvm 和 webvirtmgr 是相同机器，可以把 /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock 文件带入到容器内，就可以实现 local socket 的方式连接 kvm 宿主机了

docker run -d \
--restart=always \
--network host \
--memory 1024m \
--name webvirtmgr \
-v /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock:/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock \
webvirtmgr:4.8.9-centos-7.6

创建其他 superuser

进入 webvirtmgr 容器

docker exec -it webvirtmgr bash

创建其他超级用户

python manage.py createsuperuser

浏览器访问 IP:8000 看看能不能访问到 webvirtmgr 的页面

默认的用户名是 admin，密码是 1qaz@WSX，在启动脚本里面可以找到

配置 nginx 反向代理和域名访问

这一步不是必须的，有需求就做，这里也是用的 docker 容器的方式运行的，下面是需要打包到容器内的配置文件

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    # access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    # sendfile        on;
    # tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        # 这里的域名，修改成自己的
        server_name  virtmgr.icu;
        # access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://192.168.18.222:8000;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_connect_timeout 600;
            proxy_read_timeout 600;
            proxy_send_timeout 600;
            # 这里的配置，也可以再放大一点，这个会影响 iso 镜像的上传
            ## 如果直接放到指定的 iso 目录下，那就不受影响
            client_max_body_size 5120M;
        }

        location /static {
            proxy_pass http://192.168.18.222:8000/static;
        }
    }
}

下面是 Dockerfile

FROM docker.m.daocloud.io/nginx:1.26.0
ADD ./nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

构建镜像

docker build -t webvirtmgr-static:4.8.9-nginx-1.26.0 .

启动镜像

docker run -d --rm \
-p 80:80 \
--memory 200m \
--name webvirtmgr-static \
webvirtmgr-static:4.8.9-nginx-1.26.0

使用域名访问，域名没有 dns 解析的，可以本地自己配置一下 hosts

绑定 kvm 宿主机

local socket

在浏览器开始配置

绑定后，和主机通信成功的，就是绿色的，点击 192.168.18.222-local 就可以进去管理了

我本地用 virsh 创建过虚拟机，这里可以看到，也被展示出来了

tcp 连接

修改 kvm 配置，如果 kvm 已经有机器的，这个操作需要慎重考虑一下，或者有个环境能小规模模拟一下

• /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf

# 修改 /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf 文件，把下面这些参数的注释打开
listen_tls = 0
listen_tcp = 1
tcp_port = "16509"
listen_addr = "0.0.0.0"
auth_tcp = "sasl"

• /etc/sysconfig/libvirtd

# 修改 /etc/sysconfig/libvirtd  文件，把下面参数的注释打开
LIBVIRTD_ARGS="--listen"

• /etc/sasl2/libvirt.conf

# 修改 /etc/sasl2/libvirt.conf 文件，把下面参数的注释修改，注释掉之前打开的参数
mech_list: DIGEST-MD5
sasldb_path: /etc/libvirt/passwd.db

配置用户名密码，输入两次密码回车就可以了

saslpasswd2 -a libvirt virtadmin

验证授权文件

sasldblistusers2 -f /etc/libvirt/passwd.db

可以看到用户名和主机名

virtadmin@dream: userPassword

检查是否有 DIGEST-MD5 类型，没有该类型的话，执行 tcp 连接会有下面的报错：

• error: failed to connect to the hypervisor
• error: authentication failed: authentication failed

pluginviewer -c | grep -i 'DIGEST-MD5'

如果没有返回的话，安装一下相关的插件

yum install -y cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-scram cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-md5

重启 kvm

systemctl restart libvirtd

测试 tcp 连接

virsh -c qemu+tcp://dream/system list

提示输入用户名密码，然后能正常返回虚拟机列表

Please enter your authentication name: virtadmin
Please enter your password:
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 1     openeuler-20.03-lts-sp4-init   running

在 webvirtmgr 添加 tcp 连接

绑定后，和主机通信成功的，就是绿色的，点击 192.168.18.222-tcp 就可以进去管理了

和上面的 local socket 一样，可以看到之前创建过的虚拟机

虚拟机创建

• 虚拟机创建这块，还是 virt-manager 相对方便点，使用 webvirtmgr 创建虚拟机，需要先去存储池创建镜像（前提是，网络这些都创建好了，因为我的是之前使用过 kvm 创建，所以相关信息也都直接带入了，就只需要创建存储池的镜像就好了）

创建虚拟机

• 确认存储池创建了对应的镜像
• New Instance 创建实例
• Custom Instance 的方式创建
• 配置虚拟机名称，CPU，内存资源，选择提前创建的磁盘镜像和网络网卡，关闭主机模式，点击创建
• 在设置 -> media 里面找到需要使用的 iso 镜像，点击连接
• 在Power里面点击启动
• 在Access里面点击控制台

进入到指定的主机里面，点统计可以看到当前的机器资源使用情况

此处省略安装过程，这边可以查看一下基础架构，可以看到展示的内容都是一样的

查看 kvm 宿主机的资源使用情况

创建快照

• To take a snapshot, shutdown the instance. 从快照持可以看到，快照要求先关机，暂停也不行

虚拟机克隆

和快照一样，克隆也需要关机

• 设置里面找到克隆
• 点一下 random MAC address 获取一个随机的 MAC 地址，避免和之前的机器冲突了，导致网络不通
• 根据情况，选择修改克隆后的机器名称和磁盘镜像名称
• 选中 Metadata 后，点击克隆就可以了

删除虚拟机