RISC-V 编译环境搭建：riscv-gnu-toolchain 和 riscv-tools

这里我们需要使用 64 位基于 RV64G 的编译环境，选择编译 riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc。

m0_59161987

2167人浏览 · 2024-03-16 13:25:24

m0_59161987 · 2024-03-16 13:25:24 发布

RISC-V 编译环境搭建：riscv-gnu-toolchain 和 riscv-tools

riscv-gnu-toolchain 安装编译

1. 环境配置

这里我们需要使用 64 位基于 RV64G 的编译环境，选择编译 riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc

这里我们先添加我们需要安装的路径：

# 这里我们将路径添加到 .bashrc 中
vim ~/.bashrc
# 添加以下命令
export RISCV="/home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv"
export PATH=$RISCV/bin:$PATH
# 保存退出后重新引用修改过的 .bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

2. 工具链安装

首先下载需要使用的工具包：

sudo apt-get install autoconf automake autotools-dev curl python3 python3-pip libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libgmp-dev gawk build-essential bison flex texinfo gperf libtool patchutils bc zlib1g-dev libexpat-dev ninja-build git cmake libglib2.0-dev

当我们下载好 riscv-gnu-toolchain 后，就可以进行编译：

cd ~/RISCV/riscv-gnu-toolchain
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv --enable-multilib
make linux -j8

这里编译需要大约 1 个小时，需要耐心等待，推荐使用多线程，可以缩短编译时间

这样我们就可以全局使用 riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc 命令了，我们可以使用相关命令查看版本号以确认我们是否安装好：

riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -v

显示如上图，就说明我们的交叉编译环境已经配置好了，如果中间过程出现报错，我们就需要删除我们产生报错的工具包，重新下载再次编译即可

3. spike 环境编译与命令配置

我们需要进入到 riscv-gnu-toolchain 的 spike 路径下，然后进行编译：

cd ~/RISCV/riscv-gnu-toolchain/spike
# 安装需要的工具包
sudo apt-get install device-tree-compiler
# 创建存储编译过程文件的文件夹
mkdir build
cd build

因为之前已经把 RISCV 的交叉编译器安装到 /home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv 文件夹了，所以有

../configure --prefix=/home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv/spike

使用这个指令可以调用 8 个 cpu 核并行编译加速（我这个虚拟机只有 8 个，可以按需改数字），并把报错（2 类打印输出）写入到 error.log 文件里

sudo make -j8 2>error.log

如果 make 之后语言报错：则需要在 config 里面加上：

../configure--disable-nls

编译成功后安装：

sudo make install

最后一行应该会打印一个 done，表示安装完成，然后配置 spike 命令：

# 这里我们将命令路径添加到 .bashrc 中，注意这里要加上我们需要使用的工具
vim ~/.bashrc
# 我添加的命令如下，路径需要根据个人安装去修改
export SPIKE="/home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv/spike"
export PATH=$SPIKE/bin:$PATH
# 退出保存后，重新引用修改共的 .bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

到此 spike 安装成功

4. pk 环境编译与命令配置

这里先进入到 riscv-gnu-toolchain 的 pk 路径下，然后使用如下命令安装：

cd ~/RISCV/riscv-gnu-toolchain/pk
mkdir build
cd build
# ../configure --prefix=/home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv/ --with-arch=rv64gc --with-abi=lp64	# 这里没有指定 64 位环境，会报错
../configure --prefix=/home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv/spike --host=riscv64-unknown-elf --with-arch=rv64gc_zifencei	# 需要加上 zifencei 扩展
sudo make -j8 2>error.log
sudo make install

编译 pk 之前必须编译 riscv-gnu-toolchain，否则报错：

gcc: error: unrecognized argument in option ‘-mcmodel=medany’
gcc: note: valid arguments to ‘-mcmodel=’ are: 32 kernel large medium small
make: *** [Makefile:336：file.o] 错误 1

环境配置：

# 这里我们将命令路径添加到 .bashrc 中，注意这里要加上我们需要使用的工具
vim ~/.bashrc
# 我添加的命令如下，路径需要根据个人安装去修改
export SPIKE="/home/ppqppl/RISCV/riscv/spike/pk"
export PATH=$SPIKE/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin:$PATH
# 退出保存后，重新引用修改共的 .bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

5. 测试

这里我们编写一个 helloworld.c 进行测试：

#include<stdio.h>
int main(void){
    printf("Hello ppqppl!\n");
    return 0;
}

编译运行：

riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -o helloworld helloworld.c 
./helloworld

由于这里我们采用 RV64G 指令集进行编译，所以二进制文件无法在 ubuntu 上运行，这里会报错，需要采用 spike 进行运行仿真：

spike pk helloworld

这里有些直接运行会报错（没有按照上述路径安装）：

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::runtime_error'
  what():  could not open pk; searched paths:
	. (current directory)
	/home/ppqppl/RISCV/spike/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/ (based on configured --prefix and --with-target)

这里意思是说 spike 没有发现 pk，pk(proxy kernel) 包含了一个 boot loader 和一个能处理系统调用的代理内核，pk 需要安装在与 spike 同一路径下。

riscv-tools 安装编译

需要安装哪个包就自行安装即可，下面给出所有的包和对应的地址：

THIS REPO IS NOW ARCHIVED. If you would like to make an addition or change, please contact content@riscv.org

RISC-V Software Ecosystem Overview

This document captures the status of the RISC-V Software Ecosystem. Please add
to the list and fix inaccuracies by making a Pull Request against the software list repository on GitHub.

Simulators
Object toolchain
Debugging
C compilers and libraries
Boot loaders and monitors
Hypervisor and related tools
OS and OS kernels
Compilers and runtimes for other languages
IDEs, SDKs and binary toolchain distributions
Security
Machine Learning / AI
Configuration
Verification Tools
Accelerated Libraries

We would like to enlist community help for the software ports in the Help Wanted section.

Simulators

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
riscvOVPsimPlus	website	Proprietary freeware	Imperas
DBT-RISE-RISCV	github	BSD 3-Clause	MINRES Technologies
FireSim	website, mailing list, github, ISCA 2018 Paper	BSD	Sagar Karandikar, Howard Mao, Donggyu Kim, David Biancolin, Alon Amid, Berkeley Architecture Research
gem5	SW-dev thread, repository	BSD-style	Alec Roelke (University of Virginia)
OVPsim	website, github	Proprietary (core simulation platform), Apache License (processor / platform model)	Imperas
jor1k	website, github	BSD 2-Clause	Sebastian Macke
Jupiter	github	GPL-3.0	Andrés Castellanos
MARSS-RISCV	github	MIT	Gaurav N Kothari, Parikshit P Sarnaik, Gokturk Yuksek (State University of New York at Binghamton)
QEMU	upstream	GPL	Sagar Karandikar (University of California, Berkeley), Bastian Koppelmann (University of Paderborn), Alex Suykov, Stefan O’Rear and Michael Clark (SiFive)
RARS	github	MIT	Benjamin Landers
Renode	website, github	MIT	Antmicro
Ripes	github	MIT	Morten Borup Petersen
RISC-V Virtual Prototype	website, github	MIT	Vladimir Herdt (University of Bremen, AGRA)
TinyEMU	website	MIT	Fabrice Bellard
Spike	github	BSD 3-clause	Andrew Waterman & Yunsup Lee (SiFive)
Swerv-ISS	github	GPL - 3	Joseph Rahmeh (Western Digital)
VLAB	VLAB Works	Proprietary	ASTC
WebRISC-V	github	BSD 3-clause	Gianfranco Mariotti, Roberto Giorgi (University of Siena)
PQSE	website	Proprietary	PQShield
riscv-rust	website github	MIT	Takahiro Aoyagi
terminus	github	MIT	Yang Li
Vulcan	github	MIT	Victor Miguel de Morais Costa
riscv-vm	github	MIT	Aidan Dodds
EmulsiV	Working Instance, GitHub	Open (MPL2.0)	Guillaume Savaton

Object toolchain

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
Binutils	RISC-V repo, Upstream repos	GPLv2	Andrew Waterman (SiFive), Palmer Dabbelt (Google) & Jim Wilson (SiFive)
LLVM	GitHub mirror	Apache 2.0 with LLVM exception	Alex Bradbury (lowRISC)
Cranelift	GitHub	Apache 2.0	Cranelift core team

Debugging

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
GDB	Upstream	GPLv2	Andrew Burgess (Embecosm), Palmer Dabbelt (Google)
OpenOCD	Upstream repo, RISC-V repo	GPLv2	Tim Newsome (SiFive), Megan Wachs (SiFive), Palmer Dabbelt (Google)
GNU MCU Eclipse OpenOCD	Website, GitHub	GPLv2	Liviu Ionescu
TRACE32 JTAG Debugger	Website	TRACE32 license	Lauterbach
Ozone - the J-Link Debugger	Website	SEGGER commercial license (J-Link PLUS)	SEGGER
Ashling RiscFree Debugger	Website	Ashling commercial license	Ashling
Imperas Multi Processor Debugger	Website	Imperas Commercial License	Imperas
TCF Debugger	Website, GitHub	Eclipse Distribution License 1.0 (BSD) / Eclipse Public License 1.0	Sanimir Agovic
PlatformIO Unified Debugger	Docs	Apache 2.0	PlatformIO
Green Hills Probe	Website	Proprietary	Green Hills
GRMON	Website	Evaluation license, Proprietary	Cobham Gaisler

C compilers and libraries

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
GCC	Upstream, RISC-V repository	GPLv3	Andrew Waterman (SiFive), Palmer Dabbelt (Google), Jim Wilson (SiFive), Kito Cheng (SiFive)
GNU MCU Eclipse RISC-V Embedded GCC (riscv-non-embed-gcc)	Web, Repository, Build, Binary package installer	Eclipse Public License	Liviu lonescu
Clang/LLVM	Upstream	Apache 2.0	Alex Bradbury (lowRISC)
CompCert	Upstream	INRIA Non-Commercial License Agreement	Xavier Leroy
Glibc	Upstream, RISC-V repository	GPLv2	Palmer Dabbelt (Google), Andrew Waterman (SiFive), DJ Delorie (Red Hat), Darius Rad(Bluespec)
Newlib	Upstream, RISC-V repository	GPLv2	Kito Cheng (SiFive)
SEGGER Runtime Library	Website	SEGGER commercial license	SEGGER
SEGGER Floating Point Library	Website	SEGGER commercial license	SEGGER
Musl	GitHub	MIT	-
Green Hills Optimizing C/C++ Compilers	Website	Proprietary	Green Hills
OpenArkCompiler (MAPLE)	Upstream	MulanPSL-2.0	Futurewei
Andes MCUlib	website	Andes commercial license	Andes

Boot loaders and monitors

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
coreboot	Upstream	GPLv2	Ron Minnich (Google), Jonathan Neuschäfer
U-Boot	Upstream	GPLv2	Rick Chen (Andes)
Proxy Kernel/BBL	GitHub	BSD 3-clause	SiFive
OpenSBI	GitHub	BSD 2-clause	Anup Patel (Western Digital), Atish Patra (Western Digital)
RustSBI	GitHub	Mulan PSL v2	Luo Jia (Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Tech.)
UEFI edk2	GitHub	BSD 2-Clause Patent	Abner Chang (Hewlett Packard Enterprise), Daniel Schaefer (Hewlett Packard Enterprise)

Hypervisors and related tools

Name	Links	License	Brief	Maintainers
Xvisor	Website, Upstream, RISC-V Repo	GPLv2	Type-1 baremetal monolithic hypervisor	Anup Patel (Western Digital)
KVM	Website, RISC-V Repo, RISC-V Wiki	GPLv2	Type-2 hypervisor	Anup Patel (Western Digital), Atish Patra (Western Digital)
KVMTOOL	Upstream, RISC-V Repo	GPLv2	Userspace tool for the KVM hypervisor	Anup Patel (Western Digital), Atish Patra (Western Digital)
RVirt	GitHub	Apache-2.0	Trap-and-emulate hypervisor	Jonathan Behrens (MIT)

OS and OS kernels

Linux built from source

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
Linux Kernel	github, kernel.org	GPLv2	Andrew Waterman (SiFive), Albert Ou (SiFive), Palmer Dabbelt (Google)
Yocto Project/OpenEmbedded	github	MIT	Khem Raj
Buildroot	busybox.net		Mark Corbin (Embecosm)

Linux distributions

Name	Links	Maintainers
Fedora	fedoraproject.org	Richard WM Jones, Stefan O’Rear, David Abdurachmanov
Debian	debian wiki, mit.edu, riscv.org, Annc	Manuel A. Fernandez Montecelo
OpenMandriva	openmandriva.org, openmandriva.org	Bernhard “Bero” Rosenkränzer
openSUSE	opensuse.org	Andreas Schwab (SUSE)
Gentoo	github	Palmer Dabbelt (University of California, Berkeley)
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre	github, parabola.nu	Andreas Grapentin (University of Potsdam, HPI)
Ataraxia Linux	github	protonesso
Slackware Linux	github	Álvaro Figueroa (of Greencore Solutions)
Ubuntu	ubuntu.com	xnox

Real-time Operating Systems

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
RT-Thread	github, rt-thread.io	Apache 2.0	RT-Thread
embOS	Website, RISC-V port	SEGGER commercial license, free for non-commercial use	SEGGER
RTEMS	rtems.org, docs.rtems.org		Hesham Almatary
FreeRTOS	sourceforge, freertos.org	MIT	AWS
Zephyr	github, docs	Apache 2.0	Karol Gugala (Antmicro), Peter Gielda (Antmicro), Nathaniel Graff (SiFive)
LiteOS	github, docs		Chaifangming (Huawei), Pengzhouhu (Huawei), Huerjia (Huawei)
NuttX	bitbucket.org, nuttx.org
Apache Mynewt	riscv.org	Apache 2.0	James Pace, Runtime
OpenWrt	github, binary repo		Zoltan Herpai
seL4	github, seL4.systems	GPLv2 (kernel and proofs), various open-source licenses (userland)	Trustworthy Systems group, Data61 CSIRO
PikeOS	Press release	Proprietary	SYSGO
VxWorks	Press release	Proprietary	Wind River
Embox	github, embox.rocks		Embox
Phoenix-RTOS	github, documentation	BSD	Phoenix Systems

BSD distributions

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
FreeBSD	github, wiki.freebsd.org, presentation		Ruslan Bukin (FreeBSD)
NetBSD	netbsd.org, github		Matt Thomas (NetBSD), Reinoud Zandijk (NetBSD)

Compilers and runtimes for other languages

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
Go	Upstream, RISC-V repository, Stef’s fork	BSD 3-clause	Benjamin Barenblat (Google), Michael Pratt (Google), Stef O’Rear
Ocaml	Upstream, RISC-V repository	LGPL	Nicolás Ojeda Bär
Maxine VM (Java Virtual Machine)	Upstream	GPLv2	Maxine team
Jikes RVM (Java Virtual Machine)	Upstream	Eclipse Public License (EPL)	Martin Maas (University of California, Berkeley)
OpenJDK/HotSpot (Java Virtual Machine)	?	?	Alexey Baturo, Michael Knysnek, Martin Maas
OpenJDK/OpenJ9 (Java Virtual Machine)	Upstream	Eclipse Public License 2.0 (EPLv2) with ClassPath Exception & Apache 2.0	Cheng Jin
BishengJDK/HotSpot (Java Virtual Machine)	Upstream	GPLv2 with Classpath Exception	Yadong Wang
Free Pascal	Upstream	?	Jeppe Johansen and others
Nim	Upstream	MIT	Andreas Rumpf and others
Ada (GNAT)	Upstream	GPLv3 with linking exception	AdaCore
Rust	Upstream	Apache and MIT	Rust Project
muForth	Upstream	?	David Frech
ibForth	Upstream	GPLv3	Lars Brinkhoff
Mecrisp-Quintis Forth kernel	Upstream	?	Matthias Koch
Mono	Initial support in upstream	MIT	Alex Rønne Petersen
Zen	Zen-Lang.org	Commercial, AGPLv3	connectFree Corporation
V8 (JS)	Upstream github	BSD	RIOS, Futurewei, PLCT Lab
Node.js	github	MIT	RIOS, Futurewei, PLCT Lab
OpenArkCompiler (MAPLE)	Upstream	MulanPSL-2.0	Futurewei
Eclipse OMR	github	Eclipse Public License 2.0 (EPLv2) with ClassPath and Assembly Exception & Apache 2.0	Eclipse OMR Project

IDEs, SDKs and binary toolchain distributions

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
riscv-gnu-toolchain	Website	GPLv3	RISC-V International
JianChi CDK	website	Alibaba commercial license	T-Head (Alibaba group)
Imperas M*SDK	Website	Proprietary	Imperas
GNU MCU Eclipse	Website, Repositories, Binary distribution	EPL-1.0 / various	Liviu Ionescu
RT-Thread Studio	Website	EPL-1.0 / various	RT-Thread
AndeSight IDE	website	Andes comercial License	Andes
Embedded Studio	Website, RISC-V spec	SEGGER commercial license, free for non-commercial use	SEGGER
IAR Embedded Workbench	Website	commercial	IAR Systems
PlatformIO	Website, IDE, Docs	Apache 2.0	PlatformIO
Freedom Studio	Website	EPL 1.0/various	SiFive
Nuclei Studio	Website	EPL 1.0/various	Nuclei System Technology
Ashling RiscFree^TM IDE	Website	Ashling commercial license	Ashling
SoftConsole	Website	Various, see RN	Microchip
GCC Sourcery CodeBench Lite	Website	GPLv3	Mentor, a Siemens Business
LLVM Sourcery CodeBench Lite	Website	Apache 2.0	Mentor, a Siemens Business
MULTI IDE	Website	Proprietary	Green Hills

Security

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
emCrypt	Website	Commercial, free for non-commercial use	SEGGER
CoreGuard	Website	Proprietary	Dover Microsystems, Inc.
MultiZone API	GitHub	ISC	Hex Five Security Inc.
Secure IoT Stack	GitHub	MIT, GPLv2, GPLv3, Evaluation license	Hex Five Security Inc.
MultiZone Security TEE & Enclave	SDK, Enclave	Evaluation license	Hex Five Security Inc.
Keystone Enclave	Website, Repositories	BSD 3-clause	Keystone Team
SecureRF	Website, SDK	Proprietary	SecureRF Corp.
IntrinsicID	Quiddikey	Proprietary	Intrinsic ID
Penglai Enclave	Website, GitHub	Mulan PSL v1	IPADS
PQSLIB / PQSoC	Website	Proprietary	PQShield
Ghidra	Website, Github	Apache 2.0	National Security Agency

Machine Learning / AI

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
TF Lite	demo, blog note	Apache 2.0	Antmicro / Google TF Lite team
ncnn	GitHub	BSD 3-clause	Tencent Open Source
Andes NN Library	website	Andes commercial license	Andes

Configuration

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
RISC-V Explorer	Website	Proprietary	BlueSpec

Verification Tools

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
OneSpin RISC-V Verification App	Website	Proprietary	OneSpin
OneSpin Floating-Point Unit App	Website	Proprietary	OneSpin
RISCV-DV	GitHub	Apache 2.0	CHIPS Alliance Tools/DV workgroup
STING	Website	Proprietary	Valtrix Systems
ImperasDV SystemVerilog HW DV	Website	Proprietary	Imperas
Axiomise formalISA app	Website	Proprietary	Axiomise

Accelerated Libraries

Name	Links	License	Maintainers
OpenBLAS (Support RISC-V V extension 0.7.1)	GitHub	BSD 3-clause	PerfXLab
Andes DSP Library	website	Andes commercial license	Andes
Andes Vector Library	website	Andes commercial license	Andes

Help Wanted

Dart

编译安装报错处理

这里可以选择只删除 make 产生的文件，或同时删除 make 产生的文件和 configure 产生的文件

sudo make clean			# 只删除 make 产生的文件
sudo make distclean		# 同时删除 make 和 configure 产生的文件

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参考资料

riscv各种版本gcc工具链编译与安装 #链接库说明

GCC RISCV环境搭建 #另一篇指导

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