背景

使用pytest进行断言判断的时候,为了用例的精准性,经常会多个方面进行断言,比如如下:

断言1:断言响应的http的状态

断言2:断言响应返回的code值

断言3:断言响应返回的json中的data字段是否符合预期。

如果使用原生python的assert,就会遇到一个断言失败则全部失败的情况。比如说,断言1结果为Failed,那么断言2和断言3都不会被执行。

我们希望断言2和断言3继续执行,这样我们能获取更多的断言结果来判断出接口哪里出了问题,能够更好地进行问题定位,这时候该本文主角出现了:pytest-assume插件。

简介

一个可以允许pytest测试用例中执行多个失败的断言的插件(即上面断言1,断言2,断言3都失败的情况下,三个断言都能被执行)。

项目:https://github.com/astraw38/pytest-assume

说明

该插件源自pytest-expect,并且做了一部分小的修改:

1. 支持showlocals(即pytest命令行的'-l'参数, 显示执行过程中的局部变量)。

2. 可以全局使用,无需指定fixtrue装饰器。(即任意test_xxx函数中都能用)。

3. 对断言输出做了一些格式上的美化。

安装

#根据你python版本,可选择pip3或者pip
sudo pip3(pip) install git+https://github.com/astraw38/pytest-assume.git
#或者
sudo pip3(pip) install pytest-assume

例子

1. 一个对比原生assert和pytest-assume的测试用例

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#!coding:utf-8
import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize(('x', 'y'), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)])
def test_simple_assume(x, y):
    assert x == y  #如果这个断言失败,则后续都不会执行
    assert True
    assert False

@pytest.mark.parametrize(('x', 'y'), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)])
def test_pytest_assume(x, y):
    pytest.assume(x == y) #即使这个断言失败,后续仍旧执行
    pytest.assume(True)
    pytest.assume(False)

输入:

===================================================================================== test session starts =====================================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-6.2.1, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/xxx/Desktop/pytest
plugins: assume-2.4.2, ordering-0.6

collected 6 items (这里执行了六个用例)

test_demo.py FFF [100%]

========================================================================================== FAILURES ===========================================================================================
___________________________________________________________________________________ test_simple_assume[1-1] ___________________________________________________________________________________

x = 1, y = 1

@pytest.mark.parametrize(('x', 'y'), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)])
def test_simple_assume(x, y):
assert x == y
assert True
> assert False (前两个断言成功,第三个断言失败了)
E assert False

test_demo.py:9: AssertionError
___________________________________________________________________________________ test_simple_assume[1-0] ___________________________________________________________________________________

x = 1, y = 0

@pytest.mark.parametrize(('x', 'y'), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)])
def test_simple_assume(x, y):
> assert x == y  (第一个断言失败了,后续断言不会被执行)
E assert 1 == 0

test_demo.py:7: AssertionError
___________________________________________________________________________________ test_simple_assume[0-1] ___________________________________________________________________________________

x = 0, y = 1

@pytest.mark.parametrize(('x', 'y'), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)])
def test_simple_assume(x, y):
> assert x == y  (第一个断言失败了,后续断言不会被执行)
E assert 0 == 1 

test_demo.py:7: AssertionError
___________________________________________________________________________________ test_pytest_assume[1-1] ___________________________________________________________________________________

tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = None

def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
try:
if value is None:
value = tp()
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
> raise value.with_traceback(tb)
E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
E 1 Failed Assumptions:
E
E test_demo.py:15: AssumptionFailure
E >> pytest.assume(False)
E AssertionError: assert False (前两个断言成功,第三个断言失败了)

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/six.py:702: FailedAssumption
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout teardown -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F
___________________________________________________________________________________ test_pytest_assume[1-0] ___________________________________________________________________________________

tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = None

def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
try:
if value is None:
value = tp()
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
> raise value.with_traceback(tb)
E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
E 2 Failed Assumptions:
E
E test_demo.py:13: AssumptionFailure
E >> pytest.assume(x == y) (第一个断言失败,后续继续执行)
E AssertionError: assert False
E
E test_demo.py:15: AssumptionFailure
E >> pytest.assume(False)
E AssertionError: assert False

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/six.py:702: FailedAssumption
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout teardown -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F
___________________________________________________________________________________ test_pytest_assume[0-1] ___________________________________________________________________________________

tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = None

def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
try:
if value is None:
value = tp()
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
> raise value.with_traceback(tb)
E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
E 2 Failed Assumptions:
E
E test_demo.py:13: AssumptionFailure
E >> pytest.assume(x == y) (第一个断言失败,后续继续执行)
E AssertionError: assert False
E
E test_demo.py:15: AssumptionFailure
E >> pytest.assume(False)
E AssertionError: assert False

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/six.py:702: FailedAssumption
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout teardown -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F
=================================================================================== short test summary info ===================================================================================
FAILED test_demo.py::test_simple_assume[1-1] - assert False
FAILED test_demo.py::test_simple_assume[1-0] - assert 1 == 0
FAILED test_demo.py::test_simple_assume[0-1] - assert 0 == 1
FAILED test_demo.py::test_pytest_assume[1-1] - pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
FAILED test_demo.py::test_pytest_assume[1-0] - pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
FAILED test_demo.py::test_pytest_assume[0-1] - pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:
====================================================================================== 6 failed in 0.19s ======================================================================================

 这里我们可以看出二者的区别了,执行差异如下:

断言类型1,11,00,1结论
assert断言3失败断言1失败,断言2和断言3不执行断言1失败,断言2和断言3不执行assert遇到断言失败则停下
pytest.assume断言3失败断言1失败,断言2和断言3继续执行断言1失败,断言2和断言3继续执行pytest.assume无论断言结果,全部执行

2. 通过上下文管理器with使用pytest-assume

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#!coding:utf-8
import pytest
from pytest import assume
    
@pytest.mark.parametrize(('x', 'y'), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)])
def test_simple_assume(x, y):
    #使用上下文管理器的好处是不用显示去try和finally捕获异常,建议使用这种写法,简洁有效。
    with assume: assert x == y
    with assume: assert True
    with assume: assert False

主要注意的是,如果上下文管理器里面包含多个断言,则只有第一个会被执行,如

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#!coding:utf-8
import pytest
from pytest import assume
    
@pytest.mark.parametrize(('x', 'y'), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)])
def test_simple_assume(x, y):
    #使用上下文管理器的好处是不用显示去try和finally捕获异常,建议使用这种写法,简洁有效。
    with assume: 
        #只有第一个断言会被执行!
        assert x == y
        assert True
        assert False  

以上就是pytest-assume插件的详解,部分内容参考了github项目中的示例,有问题请留言。

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