序言

为什么要用spring框架的ReflectionTestUtils工具类的invokeMethod方法?

当我们想要调用一个实例对象的私有方法时,我们可以利用反射机制去调用该私有方法。

Demo

含有私有方法的类,

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public final class DemoClass {
    /**
     * 私有无参构造函数,避免调用方直接new DemoClass()
     */
    private DemoClass() {
    }

    /**
     * 利用静态内部类Holder创建单实例对象DemoClass
     */
    private static final class Holder {
        private static final DemoClass instance = new DemoClass();
    }

    private String key;

    private void privateMethod(String input) {
        System.out.println("this is my private method! input parameter is :" + input);
    }

    /**
     * 获取单实例对象方法
     *
     * @return 单实例对象
     */
    public static DemoClass getInstance() {
        return Holder.instance;
    }
}

测试类,

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class ReflectionTestUtilsDemo {

    @Before
    public void beforeClassInit() {
        try {
            // 支持获取private属性
            Field declaredField = DemoClass.getInstance().getClass().getDeclaredField("key");
            System.out.println("getDeclaredField method can get private field, field is :" + declaredField.getName());
            // 仅可以获取public属性
            Field field = DemoClass.getInstance().getClass().getField("key");
            System.out.println("getField method can get private field, field is :" + field.getName());
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            System.out.println("no such field exception");
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test() {
        // 通过反射调用私有的非静态方法,第一个参数必须是对象实例
        ReflectionTestUtils.invokeMethod(DemoClass.getInstance(), "privateMethod", "ok");
        System.out.println("this is my test");
    }
}

实际效果如下,

注意Class类的getDeclaredField才可以获取私有成员变量,getField方法只能获取公有成员变量。

代码解析

直接看org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils类下面的invokeMethod方法,如下,

首先对目标对象断言不为空,只有对象不为null才会继续执行invokeMethod方法。

    @Nullable
    public static <T> T invokeMethod(Object target, String name, Object... args) {
        Assert.notNull(target, "Target object must not be null");
        return invokeMethod(target, (Class)null, name, args);
    }

invokeMethod的重载方法步骤如下,

  • 1)判断目标对象或对象类不为null,且传进来的方法命不为空;
  • 2)创建MethodInvoker实例对象,并把目标对象或目标类,目标方法,参数等信息set到MethodInvoker对象中;
  • 3)调用MethodInvoker的prepare方法,这样后续可以多次直接调用反射获取的方法;
  • 4)调用MethodInvoker的invoke方法,执行方法。
@Nullable
    public static <T> T invokeMethod(@Nullable Object targetObject, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass, String name, Object... args) {
        Assert.isTrue(targetObject != null || targetClass != null, "Either 'targetObject' or 'targetClass' for the method must be specified");
        Assert.hasText(name, "Method name must not be empty");

        try {
            MethodInvoker methodInvoker = new MethodInvoker();
            methodInvoker.setTargetObject(targetObject);
            if (targetClass != null) {
                methodInvoker.setTargetClass(targetClass);
            }

            methodInvoker.setTargetMethod(name);
            methodInvoker.setArguments(args);
            methodInvoker.prepare();
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug(String.format("Invoking method '%s' on %s or %s with arguments %s", name, safeToString(targetObject), safeToString(targetClass), ObjectUtils.nullSafeToString(args)));
            }

            return methodInvoker.invoke();
        } catch (Exception var5) {
            ReflectionUtils.handleReflectionException(var5);
            throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here");
        }
    }

下面看看prepare方法做了什么,

  • 1)判断MethodInvoker对象传入的静态方法名是否不为空;
  • 2)拿到MethodInvoker对象传入的目标对象和目标方法,并断言不为空;
  • 3)获取参数集合和参数的类型;
  • 4)通过目标类的getMethod方法找父类方法或接口方法,找不到则通过MethodInvoker对象的findMatchingMethod方法,再找不到则抛异常;
public void prepare() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
		if (this.staticMethod != null) {
			int lastDotIndex = this.staticMethod.lastIndexOf('.');
			if (lastDotIndex == -1 || lastDotIndex == this.staticMethod.length()) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException(
						"staticMethod must be a fully qualified class plus method name: " +
						"e.g. 'example.MyExampleClass.myExampleMethod'");
			}
			String className = this.staticMethod.substring(0, lastDotIndex);
			String methodName = this.staticMethod.substring(lastDotIndex + 1);
			this.targetClass = resolveClassName(className);
			this.targetMethod = methodName;
		}

		Class<?> targetClass = getTargetClass();
		String targetMethod = getTargetMethod();
		Assert.notNull(targetClass, "Either 'targetClass' or 'targetObject' is required");
		Assert.notNull(targetMethod, "Property 'targetMethod' is required");

		Object[] arguments = getArguments();
		Class<?>[] argTypes = new Class<?>[arguments.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
			argTypes[i] = (arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i].getClass() : Object.class);
		}

		// Try to get the exact method first.
		try {
			this.methodObject = targetClass.getMethod(targetMethod, argTypes);
		}
		catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
			// Just rethrow exception if we can't get any match.
			this.methodObject = findMatchingMethod();
			if (this.methodObject == null) {
				throw ex;
			}
		}
	}

继续往下挖,看看targetClass.getMethod怎么获取方法对象的,

  • 1)检查是否允许客户端访问成员;
  • 2)从getMethod0方法中去找父类方法或接口方法;
  • 3)找不到则抛出NoSuchMethodException异常,找到则返回方法;
    @CallerSensitive
    public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true);
        if (method == null) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
        }
        return method;
    }

MethodInvoker对象的findMatchingMethod方法,

  • 1)获取目标方法、参数、参数长度;
  • 2)获取目标类,断言不为null,并通过getAllDeclaredMethods方法获取目标类的所有方法;
  • 3)遍历目标类中的所有方法,找到匹配的方法;
    @Nullable
	protected Method findMatchingMethod() {
		String targetMethod = getTargetMethod();
		Object[] arguments = getArguments();
		int argCount = arguments.length;

		Class<?> targetClass = getTargetClass();
		Assert.state(targetClass != null, "No target class set");
		Method[] candidates = ReflectionUtils.getAllDeclaredMethods(targetClass);
		int minTypeDiffWeight = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		Method matchingMethod = null;

		for (Method candidate : candidates) {
			if (candidate.getName().equals(targetMethod)) {
				if (candidate.getParameterCount() == argCount) {
					Class<?>[] paramTypes = candidate.getParameterTypes();
					int typeDiffWeight = getTypeDifferenceWeight(paramTypes, arguments);
					if (typeDiffWeight < minTypeDiffWeight) {
						minTypeDiffWeight = typeDiffWeight;
						matchingMethod = candidate;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return matchingMethod;
	}

再看方法的调用是如何实现的,找到MethodInvoker对象的invoke方法,

1)获取目标对象和提前准备好的方法;

2)如果目标对象为null或者目标方法是静态方法则抛出IllegalArgumentException异常;

3)使给定的非静态方法可访问setAccessible=true;

4)调用目标方法Method的invoke方法;

    @Nullable
	public Object invoke() throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
		// In the static case, target will simply be {@code null}.
		Object targetObject = getTargetObject();
		Method preparedMethod = getPreparedMethod();
		if (targetObject == null && !Modifier.isStatic(preparedMethod.getModifiers())) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target method must not be non-static without a target");
		}
		ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(preparedMethod);
		return preparedMethod.invoke(targetObject, getArguments());
	}

Method的invoke方法如下,

  • 1)如果是覆写的方法,调用Reflection.getCallerClass()的native方法获取调用者的类,并对调用者的类和目标对象进行检查;
  • 2)获取MethodAccessor对象,如果当前Method没有,则在根节点root不为null时从根节点获取MethodAccessorImpl对象,否则调用反射工厂的newMethodAccessor;
  • 3)调用MethodAccessorImpl对象(MethodAccessor接口的实现类)的invoke方法;
    @CallerSensitive
    public Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args)
        throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException,
           InvocationTargetException
    {
        if (!override) {
            if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {
                Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
                checkAccess(caller, clazz, obj, modifiers);
            }
        }
        MethodAccessor ma = methodAccessor;             // read volatile
        if (ma == null) {
            ma = acquireMethodAccessor();
        }
        return ma.invoke(obj, args);
    }

@CallerSensitive注解作用:

jvm的开发者认为Reflection.getCallerClass()方法危险,不希望开发者调用,就把这种危险的方法用 @CallerSensitive修饰,并在JVM级别检查,参考文末链接3。

ReflectionFactory的newMethodAccessor方法如下,其中isAnonymousClass方法检查基础类是否为匿名类。

    public MethodAccessor newMethodAccessor(Method var1) {
        checkInitted();
        if (noInflation && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(var1.getDeclaringClass())) {
            return (new MethodAccessorGenerator()).generateMethod(var1.getDeclaringClass(), var1.getName(), var1.getParameterTypes(), var1.getReturnType(), var1.getExceptionTypes(), var1.getModifiers());
        } else {
            NativeMethodAccessorImpl var2 = new NativeMethodAccessorImpl(var1);
            DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl var3 = new DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl(var2);
            var2.setParent(var3);
            return var3;
        }
    }

参考链接:

1、Java ReflectionTestUtils.invokeMethod方法代码示例 - 纯净天空

2、LeetCode - Medium - 332. Reconstruct Itinerary-蒲公英云

3、JEP 176: Mechanical Checking of Caller-Sensitive Methods

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