目录

一,Service简介

 二,Service的两种启动方式

1,非绑定式启动Service

2,绑定式启动Service

三,Service的生命周期

1,非绑定式Service的生命周期

2,绑定式Service的生命周期

四,前台Service

1,前台Service的创建

2,前台Service的结束


一,Service简介

        Service服务,是指执行指定系统功能的程序,例程或进程,以便支持其他程序,并且运行期间用户不可见的一种活动机制,例如:后台播放音乐,后台下载等;

        Service和Activity同属于一个级别,不同于子线程,service是运行在主线程中的,因此不能进行耗时操作;

 二,Service的两种启动方式

(1)非绑定式启动(startService):

  • 服务开启后与启动者没有任何关系,service的生命周期独立于启动者,启动者退出,service仍会运行;
  • 启动者无法调用service中的方法;

(2)绑定式启动(bindService)

  • 启动者(Activity)会和service绑定在一起,两者的生命周期会同步,当启动者退出时,service会跟着被销毁;
  • 启动者可以调用service中的方法;

1,非绑定式启动Service

(1) 创建一个类继承Service类,并重写一系列方法:

public class MyService extends Service {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("MyService", "onBind: ");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.i("MyService", "onCreate: ");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("MyService", "onStartCommand: ");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i("MyService", "onDestroy: ");
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

(2)在Manifest文件中注册指定Service:

(3)调用startService(Intent intent)方法启动Service:

private void startMyService() {
    Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
    startService(intent);
}

2,绑定式启动Service

(1)前两步与非绑定式启动一致,创建Service子类并注册Service:

public class MyBindService extends Service {
    private final String TAG = "MyBindService";
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onBind: ");
        return new MyBinder(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: ");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand: ");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy: ");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind: ");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }
}

(2)绑定式启动Service需要调用bindService()方法,这个方法需要三个参数:

private void startBindService() {
    Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyBindService.class);
    isBound = bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}

Intent:表示启动意图,也就是想要启动的Service;

connection:相当于启动者(Activity)和Service之间的连接,通过一系列的回调函数来监听访问者和Service的连接情况;

int flag:绑定时是否自动创建Service,这里选择自动创建BIND_AUTO_CREATE;

        除了Intent和flag外,我们还需创建一个connection,这里通过匿名内部类的形式创建,并重写两个回调方法。这里onServiceConnected方法中有一个IBinder类型的service,这个service起到了中间人的作用,通过这个service,启动者(Activity)就可以调用Service中的方法:

private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
    //创建连接时回调
    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
        //这里 IBinder类型的service 就是我们要绑定的那个service
        //通过这个service,Activity就可以调用MyBindService.MyBinder中的方法
    }
    //断开连接时回调
    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: ");
    }
};

        那么这个service是从哪来的呢?

        在我们创建的Service子类中,我们重写了一个onBind的方法,返回的正好是一个IBinder类型的值,这个返回值也就是会传给上面service的值。

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onBind: ");
    return new MyBinder(this);
}

        所以我们可以在Service子类中创建一个类继承自Binder(Binder实现了IBinder接口),这样Activity通过connection中的service就可以调用MyBinder类中的方法;

        进一步,通过构造方法,我们可以将Service传给MyBinder,这样在MyBinder中就可以调用我们Service中的方法,又因为Activity可以调用MyBinder中的方法,所以我们就实现了Activity调用Service的方法,这也就是为什么绑定式启动Service,启动者(Activity)可以调用Service中的方法;

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onBind: ");
    return new MyBinder(this);
}

public void Test(){
    //Log.i(TAG, "Test: MyBindService的Test方法被调用");
}

public class MyBinder extends Binder{
    private MyBindService myBindService;
    public MyBinder(){}
    public MyBinder(MyBindService bindService){
        this.myBindService = bindService;
    }
    public void Test(){
        //Log.i(TAG, "Test: MyBinder的Test方法被调用");
        //这样MyBinder就可以调用MyBindService中的方法
        //MyBinder作为一个中间人 Activity调用MyBinder的方法 -> MyBinder再调用Service的方法
        myBindService.Test();
    }
}

绑定式启动Service的全部流程代码:

Activity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    private Boolean isBound = false;

    private ActivityMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());

        setLinsteners();
    }

    private void setLinsteners() {
        binding.btnStartBindService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                startBindService();
            }
        });
    }

    private void startBindService() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyBindService.class);
        isBound = bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    private MyBindService.MyBinder myBindService;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        //创建连接时回调
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //这里 IBinder类型的service 就是我们要绑定的那个service
            //通过这个service,Activity就可以调用MyBindService.MyBinder中的方法
            myBindService = (MyBindService.MyBinder)service;
            myBindService.Test();
        }
        //断开连接时回调
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: ");
            //Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyBindService.class);
            //stopService(intent);
        }
    };
}

Service

public class MyBindService extends Service {

    private final String TAG = "MyBindService";

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onBind: ");
        return new MyBinder(this);
    }

    public void Test(){
        //Log.i(TAG, "Test: MyBindService的Test方法被调用");
    }

    public class MyBinder extends Binder{
        private MyBindService myBindService;
        public MyBinder(){}
        public MyBinder(MyBindService bindService){
            this.myBindService = bindService;
        }
        public void Test(){
            //Log.i(TAG, "Test: MyBinder的Test方法被调用");
            //这样MyBinder就可以调用MyBindService中的方法
            //MyBinder作为一个中间人 Activity调用MyBinder的方法 -> MyBinder再调用Service的方法
            myBindService.Test();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: ");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand: ");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy: ");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind: ");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

}

三,Service的生命周期

1,非绑定式Service的生命周期

启动阶段:启动者(Activity)调用startService

  • onCreate():Service被创建时调用,整个生命周期中只会被调用一次;
  • onStartCommand():每次调用startService时,该方法会被调用,该方法接收Intent参数,从而可以执行一些命令;

结束阶段:启动者调用stopService()方法或Service内部调用stopSelf()方法;

  • onDestroy():Service销毁时调用,与onCreate一样,整个生命周期中只会被调用一次;

2,绑定式Service的生命周期

启动阶段:启动者(Activity)调用bindService

  • onCreate():Service被创建时调用,整个生命周期中只会被调用一次;
  • onBind():在首次绑定时会被调用一次,同样整个生命周期中只会被调用一次;

结束阶段:当启动者销毁或unBindService方法时,启动者会和Service解除绑定,当没有任何绑定者时,Service会被销毁

  • onUnbind():解除绑定时调用,可多次调用;
  • onDestroy():Service销毁时调用,整个生命周期中只会被调用一次;

四,前台Service

        前台Service,即可以与用户进行交互的运行在前台的Service,优先级相比于其他两种运行在后台的Service要高,最常见的应用就是通知栏前台控制音乐播放;

1,前台Service的创建

        在正常的Service中调用startForeground() 方法即可将正常服务提升为前台服务,startForeground()方法需要接收一个通知对象,因为前台Service必须在通知栏中进行通知;

public class MyForeGroundService extends Service {
    private final String TAG = "MyForeGroundService";
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onBind: ");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: ");

        //创建一个通知
        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getApplication().getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(
                "channel_id",
                "channel_name",
                notificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH
        );
        notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
        Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(
                this,
                "channel_id"
        );
        Notification notification = builder.build();
        //将服务提升为前台服务
        startForeground(1, notification);
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand: ");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy: ");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

}

2,前台Service的结束

 前台Service的结束有两种含义:

(1)结束Service本身:通过启动者调用stopService方法或Service内部调用stopSelf方法正常结束Service,Service结束后,通知也会随之移除;

(2)前台Service降级为后台Service:通过Service内部调用stopForeground(true)方法将Service退出后台状态,此时Service不会被销毁,当内存不足时,Service可能会被回收。参数true表示移除通知;

前台Service创建和结束的全部流程代码:

Activity: 

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    private Boolean isBound = false;

    private ActivityMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());

        setLinsteners();
    }

    private void setLinsteners() {
        //创建前台Service
        binding.btnStartForeGroundService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyForeGroundService.class);
                startService(intent);
            }
        });
        //移除前台Service
        binding.btnStopForeGroundService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyForeGroundService.class);
                intent.putExtra("key_stop", "stopForeGround");
                startService(intent);
            }
        });
    }
   
}

Service:

public class MyForeGroundService extends Service {

    private final String TAG = "MyForeGroundService";

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onBind: ");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: ");

        //创建一个通知
        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getApplication().getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(
                "channel_id",
                "channel_name",
                notificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH
        );
        notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
        Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(
                this,
                "channel_id"
        );
        Notification notification = builder.build();
        //将服务提升为前台服务
        startForeground(1, notification);
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand: ");
        String keyStop = intent.getStringExtra("key_stop");
        if(TextUtils.equals(keyStop, "stopForeGround")){
            stopForeground(true);//true表示移除通知
        }
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy: ");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

}
Logo

开放原子开发者工作坊旨在鼓励更多人参与开源活动,与志同道合的开发者们相互交流开发经验、分享开发心得、获取前沿技术趋势。工作坊有多种形式的开发者活动,如meetup、训练营等,主打技术交流,干货满满,真诚地邀请各位开发者共同参与!

更多推荐