Mysql经典50道SQL练习题及答案与详细分析
mysql-50道SQL练习题及答案与详细分析 数据准备练习题目查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的成绩情况查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的成绩情况(不存在时显示为 null )查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的成绩情况查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成
mysql-50道SQL练习题及答案与详细分析
- 数据准备
- 练习题目
- 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
- 查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的成绩情况
- 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的成绩情况(不存在时显示为 null )
- 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的成绩情况
- 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
- 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
- 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
- 查有成绩的学生信息
- 查询「李」姓老师的数量
- 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
- 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
- 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
- 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息
- 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
- 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
- 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
- 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
- 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
- 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
- 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
- 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
- 查询各科成绩前三名的记录
- 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
- 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
- 查询男生、女生人数
- 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
- 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
- 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
- 查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
- 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
- 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
- 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
- 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
- 查询不及格的课程
- 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
- 求每门课程的学生人数
- 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
- 查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
- 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)。
- 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
- 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
- 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
- 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
- 查询本周过生日的学生
- 查询下周过生日的学生
- 查询本月过生日的学生
- 查询下月过生日的学生
数据准备
- 1.学生表
Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
–SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别
create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');
- 2.课程表
Course(CId,Cname,TId)
–CId 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号
create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
- 3.教师表
Teacher(TId,Tname)
–TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名
create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
- 4.成绩表
SC(SId,CId,score)
–SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score 分数
create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);
练习题目
查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
因为需要全部的学生信息,则需要在sc表中得到符合条件的SId后与student表进行join,可以left join 也可以 right join
select * from Student RIGHT JOIN (
select t1.SId, class1, class2 from
(select SId, score as class1 from sc where sc.CId = '01')as t1,
(select SId, score as class2 from sc where sc.CId = '02')as t2
where t1.SId = t2.SId AND t1.class1 > t2.class2
)r
on Student.SId = r.SId;
select * from (
select t1.SId, class1, class2
from
(SELECT SId, score as class1 FROM sc WHERE sc.CId = '01') AS t1,
(SELECT SId, score as class2 FROM sc WHERE sc.CId = '02') AS t2
where t1.SId = t2.SId and t1.class1 > t2.class2
) r
LEFT JOIN Student
ON Student.SId = r.SId;
查询同时存在" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的成绩情况
select * from
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1,
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
where t1.SId = t2.SId;
查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的成绩情况(不存在时显示为 null )
这一道就是明显需要使用join的情况了,02可能不存在,即为left join的右侧或right join 的左侧即可.
select * from
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1
left join
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
on t1.SId = t2.SId;
select * from
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
right join
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1
on t1.SId = t2.SId;
查询不存在" 01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的成绩情况
select * from sc
where sc.SId not in (
select SId from sc
where sc.CId = '01'
)
AND sc.CId= '02';
查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
这里只用根据学生ID把成绩分组,对分组中的score求平均值,最后在选取结果中AVG大于60的即可. 注意,这里必须要给计算得到的AVG结果一个alias.(AS ss)
得到学生信息的时候既可以用join也可以用一般的联合搜索
select student.SId,sname,ss from student,(
select SId, AVG(score) as ss from sc
GROUP BY SId
HAVING AVG(score)> 60
)r
where student.sid = r.sid;
select Student.SId, Student.Sname, r.ss from Student right join(
select SId, AVG(score) AS ss from sc
GROUP BY SId
HAVING AVG(score)> 60
)r on Student.SId = r.SId;
select s.SId,ss,Sname from(
select SId, AVG(score) as ss from sc
GROUP BY SId
HAVING AVG(score)> 60
)r left join
(select Student.SId, Student.Sname from
Student)s on s.SId = r.SId;
查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
select DISTINCT student.*
from student,sc
where student.SId=sc.SId
查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
联合查询不会显示没选课的学生:
select student.sid, student.sname,r.coursenumber,r.scoresum
from student,
(select sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as scoresum, count(sc.cid) as coursenumber from sc
group by sc.sid)r
where student.sid = r.sid;
如要显示没选课的学生(显示为NULL),需要使用left join:
select s.sid, s.sname,r.coursenumber,r.scoresum
from (
(select student.sid,student.sname
from student
)s
left join
(select
sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as scoresum, count(sc.cid) as coursenumber
from sc
group by sc.sid
)r
on s.sid = r.sid
);
查有成绩的学生信息
这一题涉及到in和exists的用法,在这种小表中,两种方法的效率都差不多,in和exists的具体区别分析请参考https://www.jianshu.com/p/f212527d76ff,
当表2的记录数量非常大的时候,选用exists比in要高效很多.EXISTS用于检查子查询是否至少会返回一行数据,该子查询实际上并不返回任何数据,而是返回值True或False.
结论:IN()适合B表比A表数据小的情况
结论:EXISTS()适合B表比A表数据大的情况
select * from student
where exists (select sc.sid from sc where student.sid = sc.sid);
#或者
select * from student
where exists (select 1 from sc where student.sid = sc.sid);
select * from student
where student.sid in (select sc.sid from sc);
查询「李」姓老师的数量
select count(*)
from teacher
where tname like '李%';
查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
多表联合查询
select student.* from student,teacher,course,sc
where
student.sid = sc.sid
and course.cid=sc.cid
and course.tid = teacher.tid
and tname = '张三';
查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
因为有学生什么课都没有选,反向思考,先查询选了所有课的学生,再选择这些人之外的学生.
select * from student
where student.sid not in (
select sc.sid from sc
group by sc.sid
having count(sc.cid)= (select count(cid) from course)
);
查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
这个用联合查询也可以,但是逻辑不清楚,我觉得较为清楚的逻辑是这样的:从sc表查询01同学的所有选课cid–从sc表查询所有同学的sid如果其cid在前面的结果中–从student表查询所有学生信息如果sid在前面的结果中
select * from student
where student.sid in (
select sc.sid from sc
where sc.cid in(
select sc.cid from sc
where sc.sid = '01'
)
);
查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息
SELECT
Student.*
FROM
Student
WHERE
s_id IN (select s_id from score GROUP BY s_id HAVING GROUP_CONCAT(c_id) = (
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(c_id) FROM Score WHERE s_id = '01')
);
查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
仍然还是嵌套,三层嵌套, 或者多表联合查询
select * from student
where student.sid not in(
select sc.sid from sc where sc.cid in(
select course.cid from course where course.tid in(
select teacher.tid from teacher where tname = "张三"
)
)
);
select * from student
where student.sid not in(
select sc.sid from sc,course,teacher
where
sc.cid = course.cid
and course.tid = teacher.tid
and teacher.tname= "张三"
);
查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
select student.SId, student.Sname,b.avg
from student RIGHT JOIN
(select sid, AVG(score) as avg from sc
where sid in (
select sid from sc
where score<60
GROUP BY sid
HAVING count(score)>1)
GROUP BY sid) b on student.sid=b.sid;
检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
select student.*, sc.score from student, sc
where student.sid = sc.sid
and sc.score < 60
and cid = "01"
ORDER BY sc.score DESC;
按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
select * from sc
left join (
select sid,avg(score) as avscore from sc
group by sid
)r
on sc.sid = r.sid
order by avscore desc;
查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
select
sc.CId ,
max(sc.score)as 最高分,
min(sc.score)as 最低分,
AVG(sc.score)as 平均分,
count(*)as 选修人数,
sum(case when sc.score>=60 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 及格率,
sum(case when sc.score>=70 and sc.score<80 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 中等率,
sum(case when sc.score>=80 and sc.score<90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优良率,
sum(case when sc.score>=90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优秀率
from sc
GROUP BY sc.CId
ORDER BY count(*)DESC, sc.CId ASC
按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
这一道题有点tricky,可以用变量,但也有更为简单的方法,即自交(左交)
用sc中的score和自己进行对比,来计算“比当前分数高的分数有几个”。
按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次.
select a.cid, a.sid, a.score, count(b.score)+1 as rank
from sc as a
left join sc as b
on a.score<b.score and a.cid = b.cid
group by a.cid, a.sid,a.score
order by a.cid, rank ASC;
查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
这里主要学习一下使用变量。在SQL里面变量用@来标识。
set @crank=0;
select q.sid, total, @crank := @crank +1 as rank from(
select sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as total from sc
group by sc.sid
order by total desc)q;
查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺
统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
有时候觉得自己真是死脑筋。group by以后的查询结果无法使用别名,所以不要想着先单表group by计算出结果再从第二张表里添上课程信息,而应该先将两张表join在一起得到所有想要的属性再对这张总表进行统计计算。这里就不算百分比了,道理相同。
注意一下,用case when 返回1 以后的统计不是用count而是sum
select course.cname, course.cid,
sum(case when sc.score<=100 and sc.score>85 then 1 else 0 end) as "[100-85]",
sum(case when sc.score<=85 and sc.score>70 then 1 else 0 end) as "[85-70]",
sum(case when sc.score<=70 and sc.score>60 then 1 else 0 end) as "[70-60]",
sum(case when sc.score<=60 and sc.score>0 then 1 else 0 end) as "[60-0]"
from sc left join course
on sc.cid = course.cid
group by sc.cid;
查询各科成绩前三名的记录
计算比自己分数大的记录有几条,如果小于3 就select,因为对前三名来说不会有3个及以上的分数比自己大了,最后再对所有select到的结果按照分数和课程编号排名即可。
select * from sc
where (
select count(*) from sc as a
where sc.cid = a.cid and sc.score<a.score
)< 3
order by cid asc, sc.score desc;
查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select cid, count(sid) from sc
group by cid;
查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
select student.sid, student.sname from student
where student.sid in
(select sc.sid from sc
group by sc.sid
having count(sc.cid)=2
);
或 联合查询
select student.SId,student.Sname
from sc,student
where student.SId=sc.SId
GROUP BY sc.SId
HAVING count(*)=2;
查询男生、女生人数
select ssex, count(*) from student
group by ssex
查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
select *
from student
where student.Sname like '%风%'
查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
select sname, count(*) from student
group by sname
having count(*)>1;
嵌套查询列出同名的全部学生的信息
select * from student
where sname in (
select sname from student
group by sname
having count(*)>1
);
查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
select *
from student
where YEAR(student.Sage)=1990;
查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
select sc.cid, course.cname, AVG(SC.SCORE) as average from sc, course
where sc.cid = course.cid
group by sc.cid
order by average desc,cid asc;
查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select student.sid, student.sname, AVG(sc.score) as aver from student, sc
where student.sid = sc.sid
group by sc.sid
having aver > 85;
查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
select student.sname, sc.score from student, sc, course
where student.sid = sc.sid
and course.cid = sc.cid
and course.cname = "数学"
and sc.score < 60;
查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
select student.sname, cid, score from student
left join sc
on student.sid = sc.sid;
查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
select student.sname, course.cname,sc.score from student,course,sc
where sc.score>70
and student.sid = sc.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid;
查询不及格的课程
取唯一可以用group by ,也可以用distinct
select cid from sc
where score< 60
group by cid;
select DISTINCT sc.CId
from sc
where sc.score <60;
查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
select student.sid,student.sname
from student,sc
where cid="01"
and score>=80
and student.sid = sc.sid;
求每门课程的学生人数
select sc.CId,count(*) as 学生人数
from sc
GROUP BY sc.CId;
成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
用having max()理论上也是对的,但是下面那种按分数排序然后取limit 1的更直观可靠
select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
having max(sc.score);
取limit 1的更直观可靠
select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
order by score desc
limit 1;
成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
为了验证这一题,先修改原始数据
UPDATE sc SET score=90
where sid = "07"
and cid ="02";
这样张三老师教的02号课就有两个学生同时获得90的最高分了。
这道题的思路继续上一题,我们已经查询到了符合限定条件的最高分了,这个时候只用比较这张表,找到全部score等于这个最高分的记录就可,看起来有点繁复。
select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
and sc.score = (
select Max(sc.score)
from sc,student, teacher, course
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
);
查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
同上,在这里用了inner join后会有概念是重复的记录:“01 课与 03课”=“03 课与 01 课”,所以这里取唯一可以直接用group by
select a.cid, a.sid, a.score from sc as a
inner join
sc as b
on a.sid = b.sid
and a.cid != b.cid
and a.score = b.score
group by cid, sid;
查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
select a.sid,a.cid,a.score from sc as a
left join sc as b
on a.cid = b.cid and a.score<b.score
group by a.cid, a.sid
having count(b.cid)<2
order by a.cid;
统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)。
select sc.cid, count(sid) as cc from sc
group by cid
having cc >5;
检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select sid, count(cid) as cc from sc
group by sid
having cc>=2;
查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
select student.*
from sc ,student
where sc.SId=student.SId
GROUP BY sc.SId
HAVING count(*) = (select DISTINCT count(*) from course )
查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
select student.SId as 学生编号,student.Sname as 学生姓名,
TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,student.Sage,CURDATE()) as 学生年龄
from student
查询本周过生日的学生
select *
from student
where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE());
查询下周过生日的学生
select *
from student
where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE())+1;
查询本月过生日的学生
select *
from student
where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE());
查询下月过生日的学生
select *
from student
where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE())+1;
原文:https://www.jianshu.com/p/476b52ee4f1b
https://blog.csdn.net/fashion2014/article/details/78826299
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