一、前言

从 Gitea 1.19 版本开始，Gitea Action 成为了内置的 CI/CD 解决方案。设计上与 GitHub Actions 相似且兼容，依托于 act_runner （A runner for Gitea based on act）实现本地运行工作流。目前官方声明该模块仍是开发状态。

二、环境预览

Gitea 以及相关程序都使用虚拟机中的 Docker 运行。

1. centos 7.9 虚拟机
2. Gitea 1.19.3
3. Docker Engine - Community 24.0.2

三、上手体验

1. 开启 Action 功能

默认情况下，Actions 功能是禁用的，需要修改 Gitea 配置文件 app.ini ，添加以下内容以启用它：

[actions]
ENABLED=true

重新应用配置后，可点击【首页右上角头像 — 管理后台】，确认 Runners 菜单页是否出现。

2. 安装&注册 Runner

1. 获取 runner 注册令牌，点击【首页右上角头像 — 管理后台 — Runners — 创建 Runner】：
   

2. 使用 docker 安装 runner

   # 拉取最新镜像，latest为最新稳定版，nightly为最新夜间构建版，我此处选择
   docker pull gitea/act_runner:nightly
   

3. 准备挂载目录

   # 挂载目录按自己需求自定
   mkdir -p /opt/gitea/gitea-act-runner/data
   

4. 准备 Runner 配置文件：

   a. 在挂载目录下准备配置文件

   # 进入挂载目录
   cd /opt/gitea/gitea-act-runner
   
   # 创建配置文件
   touch config.yaml
   

   b. 编辑配置文件，将下述内容复制进去

   # Example configuration file, it's safe to copy this as the default config file without any modification.
   
   log:
     # The level of logging, can be trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal
     level: info
   
   runner:
     # Where to store the registration result.
     file: .runner
     # Execute how many tasks concurrently at the same time.
     capacity: 1
     # Extra environment variables to run jobs.
     envs:
       A_TEST_ENV_NAME_1: a_test_env_value_1
       A_TEST_ENV_NAME_2: a_test_env_value_2
     # Extra environment variables to run jobs from a file.
     # It will be ignored if it's empty or the file doesn't exist.
     env_file: .env
     # The timeout for a job to be finished.
     # Please note that the Gitea instance also has a timeout (3h by default) for the job.
     # So the job could be stopped by the Gitea instance if it's timeout is shorter than this.
     timeout: 3h
     # Whether skip verifying the TLS certificate of the Gitea instance.
     insecure: false
     # The timeout for fetching the job from the Gitea instance.
     fetch_timeout: 5s
     # The interval for fetching the job from the Gitea instance.
     fetch_interval: 2s
   
   cache:
     # Enable cache server to use actions/cache.
     enabled: true
     # The directory to store the cache data.
     # If it's empty, the cache data will be stored in $HOME/.cache/actcache.
     dir: ""
     # The host of the cache server.
     # It's not for the address to listen, but the address to connect from job containers.
     # So 0.0.0.0 is a bad choice, leave it empty to detect automatically.
     host: ""
     # The port of the cache server.
     # 0 means to use a random available port.
     port: 0
   
   container:
     # Specifies the network to which the container will connect.
     # Could be host, bridge or the name of a custom network.
     # If it's empty, act_runner will create a network automatically.
     network: ""
     # Whether to use privileged mode or not when launching task containers (privileged mode is required for Docker-in-Docker).
     privileged: false
     # And other options to be used when the container is started (eg, --add-host=my.gitea.url:host-gateway).
     options:
     # The parent directory of a job's working directory.
     # If it's empty, /workspace will be used.
     workdir_parent:
   

5. docker 运行，请按需修改对应项

   docker run \
       -v /opt/gitea/gitea-act-runner/config.yaml:/config.yaml \
       -v /opt/gitea/gitea-act-runner/data:/data \
       -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
       -e CONFIG_FILE=/config.yaml \
       -e GITEA_INSTANCE_URL=http://192.168.1.43:3000 \
       -e GITEA_RUNNER_REGISTRATION_TOKEN=VRitMSZzktPhoIH46SZRqWC0TjvJnRoqBbQHVfWB \
       --name gitea-runner \
       -d gitea/act_runner:nightly
   

   • /opt/gitea/gitea-act-runner/config.yaml：请修改为你宿主机配置文件所在目录
   • /opt/gitea/gitea-act-runner/data：请修改为你宿主机 data 挂载目录
   • CONFIG_FILE：指定启动时配置文件
   • GITEA_INSTANCE_URL：Gitea 实例访问地址
   • GITEA_RUNNER_REGISTRATION_TOKEN：第1小点复制的 token

6. 检查运行状态

   # 查看运行日志，控制台有打印 success 日志
   docker logs -f gitea-runner
   

   以及检查 Gitea Runner 页面，查看是否有相关条目：

   

3. 仓库启用 Actions

后面我将以 action-demo 仓库为例，展示如何设置仓库并运行 Demo 示例。

1. 进入 action-demo 仓库设置页面，并找到 Actions 启用配置，记得点击保存：

   

2. 检查 Actions 页面

   

4. 编写 Actions

我们需要通过工作流语法，编写实施文件，文件扩展名要求为 .yaml ，并存放在 .gitea/workflows/ 目录下，Gitea 会扫描该目录中的文件，生成对应的工作流任务。

本篇我们只演示一个简单的 Actions 示例，更多的语法学习，可查阅工作流语法。

1. 创建目录以及任务文件

   

2. 编写 hello-world-action.yaml 文件，本文拿官方例子进行演示，内容为：

   name: Gitea Actions Demo
   run-name: ${{ gitea.actor }} is testing out Gitea Actions 🚀
   on: [push]
   
   jobs:
     Explore-Gitea-Actions:
       runs-on: ubuntu-latest
       steps:
         - run: echo "🎉 The job was automatically triggered by a ${{ gitea.event_name }} event."
         - run: echo "🐧 This job is now running on a ${{ runner.os }} server hosted by Gitea!"
         - run: echo "🔎 The name of your branch is ${{ gitea.ref }} and your repository is ${{ gitea.repository }}."
         - name: Check out repository code
           uses: actions/checkout@v3
         - run: echo "💡 The ${{ gitea.repository }} repository has been cloned to the runner."
         - run: echo "🖥️ The workflow is now ready to test your code on the runner."
         - name: List files in the repository
           run: |
             ls ${{ gitea.workspace }}
         - run: echo "🍏 This job's status is ${{ job.status }}."
   

3. 提交并推送代码

5. 查看 Action 运行

进入仓库页面 — Actions，查看运行的工作流。

点击工作流，可查看详情。

结束

感谢阅读本篇关于 Gitea Action 的介绍和上手体验。希望这篇文章对您理解和使用 Gitea Action 提供了一些帮助。如果您对 Gitea Action 有任何疑问或想要讨论更多相关话题，欢迎在下方留言，我们可以互相学习和分享经验。祝您在使用 Gitea Action 进行 CI/CD 工作流时取得成功！

更多的实际使用场景（相当多的坑）如：结合开发流程完成 CI 构建、代码质量审查等请关注后续文章。