在LINUX上创建GIT服务器【转】_git_weixin_33714884-开放原子开发者工作坊

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/xiongmc/article/details/9176785

如果使用git的人数较少，可以使用下面的步骤快速部署一个git服务器环境。

1. Client生成 SSH 公钥，以便Server端识别。

每个需要使用git服务器的工程师，自己需要生成一个ssh公钥

进入自己的~/.ssh目录，看有没有用文件名和文件名.pub 来命名的一对文件，这个文件名通常是 id_dsa 或者 id_rsa。 .pub 文件是公钥，另一个文件是密钥。假如没有这些文件（或者干脆连 .ssh 目录都没有），你可以用 ssh-keygen 的程序来建立它们，该程序在 Linux/Mac 系统由 SSH 包提供，在 Windows 上则包含在 MSysGit 包里:

$ ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/schacon/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /Users/schacon/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/schacon/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
43:c5:5b:5f:b1:f1:50:43:ad:20:a6:92:6a:1f:9a:3a schacon@agadorlaptop.local

它先要求你确认保存公钥的位置（.ssh/id_rsa），然后它会让你重复一个密码两次，如果不想在使用公钥的时候输入密码，可以留空。

现在，所有做过这一步的用户都得把它们的公钥给你或者 Git 服务器的管理者（假设 SSH 服务被设定为使用公钥机制）。他们只需要复制 .pub 文件的内容然后 e-email 之。公钥的样子大致如下：

$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAklOUpkDHrfHY17SbrmTIpNLTGK9Tjom/BWDSU
GPl+nafzlHDTYW7hdI4yZ5ew18JH4JW9jbhUFrviQzM7xlELEVf4h9lFX5QVkbPppSwg0cda3
Pbv7kOdJ/MTyBlWXFCR+HAo3FXRitBqxiX1nKhXpHAZsMciLq8V6RjsNAQwdsdMFvSlVK/7XA
t3FaoJoAsncM1Q9x5+3V0Ww68/eIFmb1zuUFljQJKprrX88XypNDvjYNby6vw/Pb0rwert/En
mZ+AW4OZPnTPI89ZPmVMLuayrD2cE86Z/il8b+gw3r3+1nKatmIkjn2so1d01QraTlMqVSsbx
NrRFi9wrf+M7Q== schacon@agadorlaptop.local

2. 架设Server

首先，创建一个 ‘git’ 用户并为其创建一个 .ssh 目录，在用户主目录下:

$ sudo adduser git
$ su git
$ cd
$ mkdir .ssh

注意：将git用户添加到sudo组，以便解决

ubuntu系统下“关于'xx'用户不在 sudoers文件中，此事将被报告。”的解决方法。

怎么做？在具有sudo用户下执行如下命令：

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~$ sudo vim /etc/sudoers

然后，添加 git ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults env_reset
Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
# Host alias specification
# User alias specification
# Cmnd alias specification
# User privilege specification
root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
git ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

接下来，把开发者的 SSH 公钥添加到这个用户的 authorized_keys 文件中。假设你通过 e-mail 收到了几个公钥并存到了临时文件里（

或git@xiongmc-desktop:~$ sudo cat /home/client2/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys）。只要把它们加入 authorized_keys 文件

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$ cat /tmp/id_rsa.john.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ cat /tmp/id_rsa.josie.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ cat /tmp/id_rsa.jessica.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

现在可以使用 –bare 选项运行 git init 来设定一个空仓库，这会初始化一个不包含工作目录的仓库。

$ cd /opt/git
$ mkdir project.git
$ cd project.git
$ git --bare init

这时，开发人员就可以把它加为远程仓库，推送一个分支，从而把第一个版本的工程上传到仓库里了。值得注意的是，每次添加一个新项目都需要通过 shell 登入主机并创建一个纯仓库。我们不妨以 gitserver 作为 git 用户和仓库所在的主机名。如果你在网络内部运行该主机，并且在 DNS 中设定 gitserver 指向该主机，那么以下这些命令都是可用的：

# 在一个工程师的电脑上
$ cd myproject
$ git init
$ git add .
$ git commit -m 'initial commit'
$ git remote add origin git@gitserver:/opt/git/project.git
$ git push origin master

这样，其他人的克隆和推送也一样变得很简单：

$ git clone git@gitserver:/opt/git/project.git
$ vim README
$ git commit -am 'fix for the README file'
$ git push origin master

用这个方法可以很快捷的为少数几个开发者架设一个可读写的 Git 服务。

作为一个额外的防范措施，你可以用 Git 自带的 git-shell 简单工具来把 git 用户的活动限制在仅与 Git 相关。把它设为 git 用户登入的 shell，那么该用户就不能拥有主机正常的 shell 访问权。为了实现这一点，需要指明用户的登入shell 是 git-shell ，而不是 bash 或者 csh。你可能得编辑 /etc/passwd 文件

1	$ sudo vim /etc/passwd

在文件末尾，你应该能找到类似这样的行：

1	git:x:1000:1000::/home/git:/bin/sh

把 bin/sh 改为 /usr/bin/git-shell （或者用 which git-shell 查看它的位置）。该行修改后的样子如下：

1	git:x:1000:1000::/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell

现在 git 用户只能用 SSH 连接来推送和获取 Git 仓库，而不能直接使用主机 shell。尝试登录的话，你会看到下面这样的拒绝信息：

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$ ssh git@gitserver
fatal: What do you think I am? A shell? （你以为我是个啥？shell吗？)
Connection to gitserver closed. （gitserver 连接已断开。）

Q&A参考

(4)为了集成到SCM,我们在Linxu上安装GIT
http://www.examw.com/linux/all/182529/index-2.html
在LINUX上创建GIT服务器
http://lionest.iteye.com/blog/1447310
http://blog.csdn.net/andy_android/article/details/6996134
Receiving objects: 26% (5668/21560), 8.06 MiB | 183 KiB/s 21560)
(5)
Q:
xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject.git$ git push origin master ssh: connect to host xiongmc-desktop port 22: Connection refused
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject.git$ git push origin master
ssh: connect to host xiongmc-desktop port 22: Connection refused
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

A:
http://blog.csdn.net/zlm_250/article/details/7979221
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo net start sshd
sudo ufw disable
ssh localhost

(6)
Q:
ubuntu系统下“关于'xx'用户不在 sudoers文件中，此事将被报告。”的解决方法

A:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_bede36550101b0av.html
git ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

(7)
Q:
xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject.git$ git push origin master
git@xiongmc-desktop's password:
fatal: '/opt/git/project.git' does not appear to be a git repository
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

A:
http://www.dotkam.com/2010/08/22/gitolite-does-not-appear-to-be-a-git-repository/

2013-5-26
(1)
Q:
xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject2$ git push origin master
Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.
git@localhost's password:
error: src refspec master does not match any.
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/'

A:
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81022.htm

如果初始的代码仓库为空，git push origin master提交代码的时候会出现以下异常：

(2)
Q:
xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject2$ git push origin master
Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.
git@localhost's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
git@localhost's password:
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 213 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
error: insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database ./objects

fatal: failed to write object
error: unpack failed: unpack-objects abnormal exit
To git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/
! [remote rejected] master -> master (n/a (unpacker error))
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/'
A:
服务器无权限。
http://linsheng1990526.blog.163.com/blog/static/203824150201231423917228/

(3)
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81022.htm
Q:

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject2$ git push origin master
Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.
git@localhost's password:
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 213 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master
remote: error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository
remote: error: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent
remote: error: with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match
remote: error: the work tree to HEAD.
remote: error:
remote: error: You can set 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to
remote: error: 'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into
remote: error: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you
remote: error: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some
remote: error: other way.
remote: error:
remote: error: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set
remote: error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'.
To git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/
! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/'

A:

$cd .git
$vim config

该配置文件的原始内容为：

[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true

在该配置文件中加入以下内容：

[receive]
denyCurrentBranch = ignore

(4)
Linux服务器:Ubuntu配置git服务 - 逸云沙鸥

http://www.xue5.com/Server/Linux/667461.html