编者按:Nginx是目前比较重要的开源性负载均衡技术,新浪、网易、六间房等很多网站都将Nginx部署进自己的网站系统架构,并解决部分问题。本文是作者长期的实战经验,很有参考价值。

本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP(FastCGI)”Web服务器的第4篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一,为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。

众网站纷纷重视Nginx

这是一篇关于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章,安装、配置方式与第3篇文章相差不大,但配置参数有不同。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本虽然为开发版,但在很多大型网站的生产环境中已经使用。

Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性,使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多,其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道,六间房、56.com等视频分享网站,Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛,豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。

 

Nginx:承受3万并发连接数,胜过Apache 10倍

在高并发连接的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果,Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数,相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

根据我的经验,4GB内存的服务器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能处理3000个并发连接,因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存,还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器,因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000,当Apache并发连接数达到3800时,导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

而这台 Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下,开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存(15M*10=150M),开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存(20M*64=1280M),加上系统自身消耗的内存,总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小,完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程,这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

在3万并发连接下,访问Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序,仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面,显示的活动连接数为28457(关于Nginx的监控页配置,会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明):

我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器,跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序,单台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”,相当于每天可以承受6000万(700*60*60*24=60480000)的访问量(更多信息见此),而服务器的系统负载也不高:

 

如何获取相关开源程序?

安装步骤:
(系统要求:Linux 2.6+ 内核,本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.1,另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功)

一、获取相关开源程序:

1、利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库(RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包,进行安装):

sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel

 


2、RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包(事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是“xxx-devel”不存在,需要安装)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装,以下是RPM包下载网址:

①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/ 

②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/ 

③、RPM包搜索网站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/

 

3、下载程序源码包:

本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2008年8月28日的最新稳定版。

 

mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz
#wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/
wget linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz">http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

 

 

PHP5安装、配置内容

二、安装PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI模式)

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库:

tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

 

2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../

 

附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。

 

①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

②、启动MySQL(最后的&表示在后台运行)
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &

 

3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)

tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
cd php-5.2.6/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl
sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

 

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

 

5、修改php.ini文件

手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
extension = "memcache.so"

再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

 

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

 

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"



修改配置文件:

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 

输入以下内容:

kernel.shmmax = 134217728

 

然后执行以下命令使配置生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p

 

7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录:

/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

 

8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):

在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

 

输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):

All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix  

<section name="global_options">

Pid file   
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

Error log file   
<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

Log level   
<value name="log_level">notice</value>

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...   
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.   
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.   
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master   
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

Set to 'no' to debug fpm   
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>

</section>

<workers>

<section name="pool">

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.   
<value name="name">default</value>

Address to accept fastcgi requests on.   
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'   
<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

<value name="listen_options">

Set listen(2) backlog   
<value name="backlog">-1</value>

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.   
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.   
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.   
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
</value>

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.   
<value name="php_defines">
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">0</value>
</value>

Unix user of processes   
<value name="user">www</value>

Unix group of processes   
<value name="group">www</value>

Process manager settings   
<value name="pm">

Sets style of controling worker process count.   
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'   
<value name="style">static</value>

Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.   
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.   
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi   
Used with any pm_style.   
<value name="max_children">200</value>

Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style   
<value name="apache_like">

Sets the number of server processes created on startup.   
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
<value name="StartServers">20</value>

Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.   
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.   
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
<value name="MaxSpareServers">250</value>

</value>

</value>

Time limit on waiting execution of single request   
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not terminate execution for some reason   
<value name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value>

Set open file desc rlimit   
<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>

Set max core size rlimit   
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

Chroot to this directory at the start   
<value name="chroot"></value>

Chdir to this directory at the start   
<value name="chdir"></value>

Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.   
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs   
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

How much requests each process should execute before respawn.   
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.   
For endless request processing please specify 0   
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS   
<value name="max_requests">51200</value>

Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.   
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)   
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.   
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH   
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment   
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>

</section>

</workers>

</configuration>

 

9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为200(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

 

注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。

 

安装、配置Nginx 0.7.14

三、安装Nginx 0.7.14

1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:

tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.7/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

 

2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.14/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../

 

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs

 

4、创建Nginx配置文件

①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

输入以下内容:


user  www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
 use epoll;
 worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
 include mime.types;
 default_type  application/octet-stream;

#charset  gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length  1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

server
{
listen 80;
server_name  blog.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler  20;

location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires  30d;
}

location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$
{
expires  1h;
}

log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
}

server
{
listen 80;
server_name  www.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /data0/htdocs/www;

location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
}

server
{
listen  80;
server_name  status.blog.s135.com;

location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}

 


②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

 

输入以下内容:

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE  nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME  $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI  $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT  $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL  $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR  $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT  $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR  $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT  $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME  $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS  200;

 

5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

 

在末尾增加以下内容:

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 

在末尾增加以下内容:

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000  65000

 


使配置立即生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p

 

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

 

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:

the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

 

(2)、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

 

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:

6302


这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:

kill -HUP 6302

 

或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

 

 

编者按:Nginx是目前比较重要的开源性负载均衡技术,新浪、网易、六间房等很多网站都将Nginx部署进自己的网站系统架构,并解决部分问题。本文是作者长期的实战经验,很有参考价值。

本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP(FastCGI)”Web服务器的第4篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一,为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。

众网站纷纷重视Nginx

这是一篇关于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章,安装、配置方式与第3篇文章相差不大,但配置参数有不同。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本虽然为开发版,但在很多大型网站的生产环境中已经使用。

Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性,使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多,其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道,六间房、56.com等视频分享网站,Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛,豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。

 

Nginx:承受3万并发连接数,胜过Apache 10倍

在高并发连接的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果,Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数,相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

根据我的经验,4GB内存的服务器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能处理3000个并发连接,因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存,还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器,因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000,当Apache并发连接数达到3800时,导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

而这台 Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下,开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存(15M*10=150M),开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存(20M*64=1280M),加上系统自身消耗的内存,总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小,完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程,这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

在3万并发连接下,访问Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序,仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面,显示的活动连接数为28457(关于Nginx的监控页配置,会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明):

我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器,跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序,单台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”,相当于每天可以承受6000万(700*60*60*24=60480000)的访问量(更多信息见此),而服务器的系统负载也不高:

 

如何获取相关开源程序?

安装步骤:
(系统要求:Linux 2.6+ 内核,本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.1,另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功)

一、获取相关开源程序:

1、利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库(RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包,进行安装):

sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel

 


2、RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包(事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是“xxx-devel”不存在,需要安装)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装,以下是RPM包下载网址:

①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/ 

②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/ 

③、RPM包搜索网站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/

 

3、下载程序源码包:

本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2008年8月28日的最新稳定版。

 

mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz
#wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/
wget linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz">http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

 

 

PHP5安装、配置内容

二、安装PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI模式)

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库:

tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

 

2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../

 

附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。

 

①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

②、启动MySQL(最后的&表示在后台运行)
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &

 

3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)

tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
cd php-5.2.6/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl
sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

 

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

 

5、修改php.ini文件

手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
extension = "memcache.so"

再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

 

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

 

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"


修改配置文件:
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 

输入以下内容:

kernel.shmmax = 134217728

 

然后执行以下命令使配置生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p

 

7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录:

/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

 

8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):

在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

 

输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):

All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix  

<section name="global_options">

Pid file   
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

Error log file   
<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

Log level   
<value name="log_level">notice</value>

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...   
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.   
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.   
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master   
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

Set to 'no' to debug fpm   
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>

</section>

<workers>

<section name="pool">

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.   
<value name="name">default</value>

Address to accept fastcgi requests on.   
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'   
<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

<value name="listen_options">

Set listen(2) backlog   
<value name="backlog">-1</value>

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.   
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.   
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.   
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
</value>

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.   
<value name="php_defines">
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">0</value>
</value>

Unix user of processes   
<value name="user">www</value>

Unix group of processes   
<value name="group">www</value>

Process manager settings   
<value name="pm">

Sets style of controling worker process count.   
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'   
<value name="style">static</value>

Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.   
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.   
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi   
Used with any pm_style.   
<value name="max_children">200</value>

Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style   
<value name="apache_like">

Sets the number of server processes created on startup.   
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
<value name="StartServers">20</value>

Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.   
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.   
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
<value name="MaxSpareServers">250</value>

</value>

</value>

Time limit on waiting execution of single request   
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not terminate execution for some reason   
<value name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value>

Set open file desc rlimit   
<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>

Set max core size rlimit   
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

Chroot to this directory at the start   
<value name="chroot"></value>

Chdir to this directory at the start   
<value name="chdir"></value>

Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.   
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs   
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

How much requests each process should execute before respawn.   
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.   
For endless request processing please specify 0   
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS   
<value name="max_requests">51200</value>

Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.   
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)   
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.   
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH   
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment   
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>

</section>

</workers>

</configuration>

 

9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为200(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

 

注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。

 

安装、配置Nginx 0.7.14

三、安装Nginx 0.7.14

1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:

tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.7/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

 

2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.14/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../

 

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs

 

4、创建Nginx配置文件

①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

输入以下内容:


user  www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
 use epoll;
 worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
 include mime.types;
 default_type  application/octet-stream;

#charset  gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length  1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

server
{
listen 80;
server_name  blog.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler  20;

location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires  30d;
}

location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$
{
expires  1h;
}

log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
}

server
{
listen 80;
server_name  www.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /data0/htdocs/www;

location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
}

server
{
listen  80;
server_name  status.blog.s135.com;

location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}

 


②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

 

输入以下内容:

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE  nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME  $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI  $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT  $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL  $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR  $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT  $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR  $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT  $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME  $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS  200;

 

5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

 

在末尾增加以下内容:

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 

在末尾增加以下内容:

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000  65000

 


使配置立即生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p

 

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

 

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:

the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

 

(2)、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

 

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:

6302

这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:
kill -HUP 6302

 

或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ExMan/p/10555467.html

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