CentOS 8下MySQL 8安装与配置_mysql_动哒-开放原子开发者工作坊

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当我们在云服务器厂商购买好服务器后，可能选择自己安装mysql数据库，下面是本安装过程的详细步骤：

# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm

使用上面的命令就直接下载了安装用的yum Repository，然后rpm安装这个源文件，就可以直接yum安装了。具体版本可以通过打开https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/查看。

# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
# yum install mysql-community-server

注意，在百度云服务器时可能报如下错误：

Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.21)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libtirpc.so.3(TIRPC_0.3.0)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.20)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.21)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libtirpc.so.3()(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libncurses.so.6()(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libtinfo.so.6()(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3.9)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3.9)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3.8)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.20)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3.11)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.22)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.20)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3.9)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el8.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
           Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.21)(64bit)
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
[root@instance-8595xzys ~]#

解决的方法比较复杂，我将专列一个专题（详情请看：https://www.jianshu.com/p/2dce53b15204）讲解。

安装之后，我们要设置下root用户的密码，但是，但是，我们必须先重启下，否则登陆不了mysql

# service mysqld restart

5.7的版本有个默认的密码

[root@instance-8595xzys ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-12-13T00:27:24.624605Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +rB5yrpjtfKE
[root@instance-8595xzys ~]#

5.7以前的第一次登陆mysql是没有密码的

[root@instance-s3eiwha3 ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.46 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

设置密码，请注意密码必须有字符，大小写，数字组合。

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '$Fyyyzzoqf123';

当然，我们还要授权在任何地方都可以访问，否则，就只能登陆服务器访问。

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
// 等会再执行下面的命令，否则报错。
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

以上命令跟在5.7的版本不一样，请注意区别。
在5.7的版本中，设置密码可能会报如下错：

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

然后，我们修改下validate_password_policy参数的值

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

这样再执行上面的设置密码就可以了。
好了，密码搞定了。

如果是mysql8的话，默认编码格式就是utf8mb4，以下处理可以忽略了。

然后我们再看下字符编码，一般涉及数据迁移的项目，必须要考虑到这点，防患于未然。

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.46, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          8
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.6.46 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    latin1
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 31 min 55 sec

Threads: 3  Questions: 56  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 67  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 60  Queries per second avg: 0.029
--------------

mysql>

可以看到，我们服务器编码是latin1，因此，我们要修改为utf8，以及表名大小写不敏感（lower_case_table_names为1）。编辑/etc/my.cnf

# vi /etc/my.cnf

添加编码设置

collation_server=utf8_general_ci
character_set_server=utf8
lower_case_table_names=1

完整文件如下：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
collation_server=utf8_general_ci
character_set_server=utf8
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

好了，咱们再重启下

# service mysqld restart

再登陆查看下

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.46, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          2
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.6.46 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 56 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 7  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 67  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 60  Queries per second avg: 0.125
--------------

mysql>

现在全是utf8了。
关于mysql更加深入的学习，如mysql主从复制，定时备份等，请看下回分解。

本文由动哒公众号（dongda_5g），QQ群（174353204）提供，欢迎关注获取技术支持，有任何问题群里都会回复。