37款传感器与模块的提法，在网络上广泛流传，其实Arduino能够兼容的传感器模块肯定是不止37种的。鉴于本人手头积累了一些传感器和执行器模块，依照实践出真知（一定要动手做）的理念，以学习和交流为目的，这里准备逐一动手试试多做实验，不管成功与否，都会记录下来——小小的进步或是搞不掂的问题，希望能够抛砖引玉。

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩 单点单控软灯条模块

知识点：WS2812B
是一个集控制电路与发光电路于一体的智能外控LED光源。其外型与一个5050LED灯珠相同，每个元件即为一个像素点。像素点内部包含了智能数字接口数据锁存信号整形放大驱动电路，还包含有高精度的内部振荡器和12V高压可编程定电流控制部分，有效保证了像素点光的颜色高度一致。数据协议采用单线归零码的通讯方式，像素点在上电复位以后，DIN端接受从控制器传输过来的数据，首先送过来的24bit数据被第一个像素点提取后，送到像素点内部的数据锁存器，剩余的数据经过内部整形处理电路整形放大后通过DO端口开始转发输出给下一个级联的像素点，每经过一个像素点的传输，信号减少24bit。像素点采用自动整形转发技术，使得该像素点的级联个数不受信号传送的限制，仅仅受限信号传输速度要求。

主要特点
1、智能反接保护，电源反接不会损坏IC。
2、IC控制电路与LED点光源公用一个电源。
3、控制电路与RGB芯片集成在一个5050封装的元器件中，构成一个完整的外控像素点。
4、内置信号整形电路，任何一个像素点收到信号后经过波形整形再输出，保证线路波形畸变不会累加。
5、内置上电复位和掉电复位电路。
6、每个像素点的三基色颜色可实现256级亮度显示，完成16777216种颜色的全真色彩显示，扫描频率不低于400Hz/s。
7、串行级联接口，能通过一根信号线完成数据的接收与解码。
8、任意两点传传输距离在不超过5米时无需增加任何电路。
9、当刷新速率30帧/秒时，级联数不小于1024点。
10、数据发送速度可达800Kbps。
11、光的颜色高度一致，性价比高。

应用领域
具有低电压驱动，环保节能，亮度高，散射角度大，一致性好，超低功率，超长寿命等优点。将控制电路集成于LED上面，电路变得更加简单，体积小，安装更加简便。主要应用领域，LED全彩发光字灯串，LED全彩模组， LED全彩软灯条硬灯条，LED护栏管。LED点光源，LED像素屏，LED异形屏，各种电子产品，电器设备跑马灯等。

Arduino实验接线示意图

测试环境中可以直接使用Arduino的5V引脚直接供电，如果灯带长度过长，则需要外接电源。下为实验接线示意图。

实验提示
1、可以在电源到地之间连接一个电容在 100uF 到 1000uF 之间的电容器，以平滑电源。
2、在 Arduino 数字输出引脚和条形数据输入引脚之间添加一个 220 或 470 Ohm 电阻器，以减少该线路上的噪声。
3、使arduino，电源和条带之间的电线尽可能短，以最大程度地减少电压损失。
4、如果您的灯条损坏且无法正常工作，请检查第一个 LED 是否损坏。如果是这样，剪掉它，重新焊接头针，它应该会再次工作。
5、WS2812 需要 5v 电源，每个 LED 在其全亮度下需要大约 60mA 电流。如果您的 LED 灯条有 30 个 LED，您需要 60mA x 30 = 1800 mA 或 1.8 Amp 电流。因此，您必须使用额定电流为 1.8 安培或更高的 5v 电源。

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
实验程序十二：随机色彩的流动彩虹灯
实验开源图形编程（Mind+、编玩边学）

Arduino实验场景图

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
实验程序十三：随机柱状跳跃灯
实验开源图形编程（Mind+、编玩边学）

Arduino实验场景图

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
实验程序十四：闪烁的“假日”灯，淡入淡出

Arduino实验开源代码

/*
  【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
  实验程序十四：闪烁的“假日”灯，淡入淡出
*/

#include "FastLED.h"
#define NUM_LEDS     24
#define LED_TYPE   WS2811
#define COLOR_ORDER   GRB
#define DATA_PIN        6
//#define CLK_PIN       4
#define VOLTS          12
#define MAX_MA       4000

CRGBArray<NUM_LEDS> leds;

#define TWINKLE_SPEED 7 //整体闪烁速度,0（非常慢）到 8（非常快）
#define TWINKLE_DENSITY 5 // 整体闪烁密度,0（NONE 点亮）到 8（ALL 一次点亮）
#define SECONDS_PER_PALETTE  10 // 多久更换一次调色板

// Background color for 'unlit' pixels
// Can be set to CRGB::Black if desired.
CRGB gBackgroundColor = CRGB::Black; 
// Example of dim incandescent fairy light background color
// CRGB gBackgroundColor = CRGB(CRGB::FairyLight).nscale8_video(16);

// If AUTO_SELECT_BACKGROUND_COLOR is set to 1,
// then for any palette where the first two entries 
// are the same, a dimmed version of that color will
// automatically be used as the background color.
#define AUTO_SELECT_BACKGROUND_COLOR 0

// If COOL_LIKE_INCANDESCENT is set to 1, colors will 
// fade out slighted 'reddened', similar to how
// incandescent bulbs change color as they get dim down.
#define COOL_LIKE_INCANDESCENT 1


CRGBPalette16 gCurrentPalette;
CRGBPalette16 gTargetPalette;

void setup() {
  delay( 1000 ); //safety startup delay
  FastLED.setMaxPowerInVoltsAndMilliamps( VOLTS, MAX_MA);
  FastLED.addLeds<LED_TYPE,DATA_PIN,COLOR_ORDER>(leds, NUM_LEDS)
    .setCorrection(TypicalLEDStrip);

  chooseNextColorPalette(gTargetPalette);
}


void loop(){
  EVERY_N_SECONDS( SECONDS_PER_PALETTE ) { 
    chooseNextColorPalette( gTargetPalette ); 
  }
  
  EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS( 10 ) {
    nblendPaletteTowardPalette( gCurrentPalette, gTargetPalette, 12);
  }

  drawTwinkles( leds);
  
  FastLED.show();
}

//  This function loops over each pixel, calculates the 
//  adjusted 'clock' that this pixel should use, and calls 
//  "CalculateOneTwinkle" on each pixel.  It then displays
//  either the twinkle color of the background color, 
//  whichever is brighter.
void drawTwinkles( CRGBSet& L){
  // "PRNG16" is the pseudorandom number generator
  // It MUST be reset to the same starting value each time
  // this function is called, so that the sequence of 'random'
  // numbers that it generates is (paradoxically) stable.
  uint16_t PRNG16 = 11337;
  
  uint32_t clock32 = millis();

  // Set up the background color, "bg".
  // if AUTO_SELECT_BACKGROUND_COLOR == 1, and the first two colors of
  // the current palette are identical, then a deeply faded version of
  // that color is used for the background color
  CRGB bg;
  if( (AUTO_SELECT_BACKGROUND_COLOR == 1) &&
      (gCurrentPalette[0] == gCurrentPalette[1] )) {
    bg = gCurrentPalette[0];
    uint8_t bglight = bg.getAverageLight();
    if( bglight > 64) {
      bg.nscale8_video( 16); // very bright, so scale to 1/16th
    } else if( bglight > 16) {
      bg.nscale8_video( 64); // not that bright, so scale to 1/4th
    } else {
      bg.nscale8_video( 86); // dim, scale to 1/3rd.
    }
  } else {
    bg = gBackgroundColor; // just use the explicitly defined background color
  }

  uint8_t backgroundBrightness = bg.getAverageLight();
  
  for( CRGB& pixel: L) {
    PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; // next 'random' number
    uint16_t myclockoffset16= PRNG16; // use that number as clock offset
    PRNG16 = (uint16_t)(PRNG16 * 2053) + 1384; // next 'random' number
    // use that number as clock speed adjustment factor (in 8ths, from 8/8ths to 23/8ths)
    uint8_t myspeedmultiplierQ5_3 =  ((((PRNG16 & 0xFF)>>4) + (PRNG16 & 0x0F)) & 0x0F) + 0x08;
    uint32_t myclock30 = (uint32_t)((clock32 * myspeedmultiplierQ5_3) >> 3) + myclockoffset16;
    uint8_t  myunique8 = PRNG16 >> 8; // get 'salt' value for this pixel

    // We now have the adjusted 'clock' for this pixel, now we call
    // the function that computes what color the pixel should be based
    // on the "brightness = f( time )" idea.
    CRGB c = computeOneTwinkle( myclock30, myunique8);

    uint8_t cbright = c.getAverageLight();
    int16_t deltabright = cbright - backgroundBrightness;
    if( deltabright >= 32 || (!bg)) {
      // If the new pixel is significantly brighter than the background color, 
      // use the new color.
      pixel = c;
    } else if( deltabright > 0 ) {
      // If the new pixel is just slightly brighter than the background color,
      // mix a blend of the new color and the background color
      pixel = blend( bg, c, deltabright * 8);
    } else { 
      // if the new pixel is not at all brighter than the background color,
      // just use the background color.
      pixel = bg;
    }
  }
}


//  This function takes a time in pseudo-milliseconds,
//  figures out brightness = f( time ), and also hue = f( time )
//  The 'low digits' of the millisecond time are used as 
//  input to the brightness wave function.  
//  The 'high digits' are used to select a color, so that the color
//  does not change over the course of the fade-in, fade-out
//  of one cycle of the brightness wave function.
//  The 'high digits' are also used to determine whether this pixel
//  should light at all during this cycle, based on the TWINKLE_DENSITY.
CRGB computeOneTwinkle( uint32_t ms, uint8_t salt)
{
  uint16_t ticks = ms >> (8-TWINKLE_SPEED);
  uint8_t fastcycle8 = ticks;
  uint16_t slowcycle16 = (ticks >> 8) + salt;
  slowcycle16 += sin8( slowcycle16);
  slowcycle16 =  (slowcycle16 * 2053) + 1384;
  uint8_t slowcycle8 = (slowcycle16 & 0xFF) + (slowcycle16 >> 8);
  
  uint8_t bright = 0;
  if( ((slowcycle8 & 0x0E)/2) < TWINKLE_DENSITY) {
    bright = attackDecayWave8( fastcycle8);
  }

  uint8_t hue = slowcycle8 - salt;
  CRGB c;
  if( bright > 0) {
    c = ColorFromPalette( gCurrentPalette, hue, bright, NOBLEND);
    if( COOL_LIKE_INCANDESCENT == 1 ) {
      coolLikeIncandescent( c, fastcycle8);
    }
  } else {
    c = CRGB::Black;
  }
  return c;
}


// This function is like 'triwave8', which produces a 
// symmetrical up-and-down triangle sawtooth waveform, except that this
// function produces a triangle wave with a faster attack and a slower decay:
//
//     / \ 
//    /     \ 
//   /         \ 
//  /             \ 
//

uint8_t attackDecayWave8( uint8_t i)
{
  if( i < 86) {
    return i * 3;
  } else {
    i -= 86;
    return 255 - (i + (i/2));
  }
}

// This function takes a pixel, and if its in the 'fading down'
// part of the cycle, it adjusts the color a little bit like the 
// way that incandescent bulbs fade toward 'red' as they dim.
void coolLikeIncandescent( CRGB& c, uint8_t phase)
{
  if( phase < 128) return;

  uint8_t cooling = (phase - 128) >> 4;
  c.g = qsub8( c.g, cooling);
  c.b = qsub8( c.b, cooling * 2);
}

// A mostly red palette with green accents and white trim.
// "CRGB::Gray" is used as white to keep the brightness more uniform.
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 RedGreenWhite_p FL_PROGMEM =
{  CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, 
   CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, 
   CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, 
   CRGB::Green, CRGB::Green, CRGB::Green, CRGB::Green };

// A mostly (dark) green palette with red berries.
#define Holly_Green 0x00580c
#define Holly_Red   0xB00402
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 Holly_p FL_PROGMEM =
{  Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Green, 
   Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Green, 
   Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Green, 
   Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Green, Holly_Red 
};

// A red and white striped palette
// "CRGB::Gray" is used as white to keep the brightness more uniform.
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 RedWhite_p FL_PROGMEM =
{  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red, 
   CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray,
   CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red, 
   CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray };

// A mostly blue palette with white accents.
// "CRGB::Gray" is used as white to keep the brightness more uniform.
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 BlueWhite_p FL_PROGMEM =
{  CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, 
   CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, 
   CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, 
   CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray };

// A pure "fairy light" palette with some brightness variations
#define HALFFAIRY ((CRGB::FairyLight & 0xFEFEFE) / 2)
#define QUARTERFAIRY ((CRGB::FairyLight & 0xFCFCFC) / 4)
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 FairyLight_p FL_PROGMEM =
{  CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight, 
   HALFFAIRY,        HALFFAIRY,        CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight, 
   QUARTERFAIRY,     QUARTERFAIRY,     CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight, 
   CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight, CRGB::FairyLight };

// A palette of soft snowflakes with the occasional bright one
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 Snow_p FL_PROGMEM =
{  0x304048, 0x304048, 0x304048, 0x304048,
   0x304048, 0x304048, 0x304048, 0x304048,
   0x304048, 0x304048, 0x304048, 0x304048,
   0x304048, 0x304048, 0x304048, 0xE0F0FF };

// A palette reminiscent of large 'old-school' C9-size tree lights
// in the five classic colors: red, orange, green, blue, and white.
#define C9_Red    0xB80400
#define C9_Orange 0x902C02
#define C9_Green  0x046002
#define C9_Blue   0x070758
#define C9_White  0x606820
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 RetroC9_p FL_PROGMEM =
{  C9_Red,    C9_Orange, C9_Red,    C9_Orange,
   C9_Orange, C9_Red,    C9_Orange, C9_Red,
   C9_Green,  C9_Green,  C9_Green,  C9_Green,
   C9_Blue,   C9_Blue,   C9_Blue,
   C9_White
};

// A cold, icy pale blue palette
#define Ice_Blue1 0x0C1040
#define Ice_Blue2 0x182080
#define Ice_Blue3 0x5080C0
const TProgmemRGBPalette16 Ice_p FL_PROGMEM =
{
  Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1,
  Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1,
  Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1, Ice_Blue1,
  Ice_Blue2, Ice_Blue2, Ice_Blue2, Ice_Blue3
};


// Add or remove palette names from this list to control which color
// palettes are used, and in what order.
const TProgmemRGBPalette16* ActivePaletteList[] = {
  &RetroC9_p,
  &BlueWhite_p,
  &RainbowColors_p,
  &FairyLight_p,
  &RedGreenWhite_p,
  &PartyColors_p,
  &RedWhite_p,
  &Snow_p,
  &Holly_p,
  &Ice_p  
};


// Advance to the next color palette in the list (above).
void chooseNextColorPalette( CRGBPalette16& pal)
{
  const uint8_t numberOfPalettes = sizeof(ActivePaletteList) / sizeof(ActivePaletteList[0]);
  static uint8_t whichPalette = -1; 
  whichPalette = addmod8( whichPalette, 1, numberOfPalettes);

  pal = *(ActivePaletteList[whichPalette]);
}

Arduino实验场景图

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
实验程序十五：动画，不断变化的彩虹

Arduino实验开源代码

/*
  【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
  实验程序十五：动画，不断变化的彩虹
*/

#include "FastLED.h"
#if FASTLED_VERSION < 3001000
#error "Requires FastLED 3.1 or later; check github for latest code."
#endif

#define DATA_PIN    6
//#define CLK_PIN   4
#define LED_TYPE    WS2811
#define COLOR_ORDER GRB
#define NUM_LEDS    24
#define BRIGHTNESS  33

CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

void setup() {
  delay(3000); // 3 second delay for recovery
  
  // tell FastLED about the LED strip configuration
  FastLED.addLeds<LED_TYPE,DATA_PIN,COLOR_ORDER>(leds, NUM_LEDS)
    .setCorrection(TypicalLEDStrip)
    .setDither(BRIGHTNESS < 255);

  // set master brightness control
  FastLED.setBrightness(BRIGHTNESS);
}


void loop(){
  pride();
  FastLED.show();  
}


// This function draws rainbows with an ever-changing,
// widely-varying set of parameters.
void pride() 
{
  static uint16_t sPseudotime = 0;
  static uint16_t sLastMillis = 0;
  static uint16_t sHue16 = 0;
 
  uint8_t sat8 = beatsin88( 87, 220, 250);
  uint8_t brightdepth = beatsin88( 341, 96, 224);
  uint16_t brightnessthetainc16 = beatsin88( 203, (25 * 256), (40 * 256));
  uint8_t msmultiplier = beatsin88(147, 23, 60);

  uint16_t hue16 = sHue16;//gHue * 256;
  uint16_t hueinc16 = beatsin88(113, 1, 3000);
  
  uint16_t ms = millis();
  uint16_t deltams = ms - sLastMillis ;
  sLastMillis  = ms;
  sPseudotime += deltams * msmultiplier;
  sHue16 += deltams * beatsin88( 400, 5,9);
  uint16_t brightnesstheta16 = sPseudotime;
  
  for( uint16_t i = 0 ; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    hue16 += hueinc16;
    uint8_t hue8 = hue16 / 256;

    brightnesstheta16  += brightnessthetainc16;
    uint16_t b16 = sin16( brightnesstheta16  ) + 32768;

    uint16_t bri16 = (uint32_t)((uint32_t)b16 * (uint32_t)b16) / 65536;
    uint8_t bri8 = (uint32_t)(((uint32_t)bri16) * brightdepth) / 65536;
    bri8 += (255 - brightdepth);
    
    CRGB newcolor = CHSV( hue8, sat8, bri8);
    
    uint16_t pixelnumber = i;
    pixelnumber = (NUM_LEDS-1) - pixelnumber;
    
    nblend( leds[pixelnumber], newcolor, 64);
  }
}

Arduino实验场景图