1. golang在gin中实现文件验证

  1. 根据gin文档中的自定义验证multipart.FileHeader类型的字段在验证过程中可能会遇到问题
  2. 为了解决这个问题,您可以使用自定义验证器来处理multipart.FileHeader类型的字段。
  3. 实现方式使用 RegisterStructValidation 注册, 使用 RegisterValidation 注册会存在问题
  4. FileExeclUploadValidation方法中会使用反射获取tag实现动态验证
  5. 这里我使用了github.com/dustin/go-humanize这个库解析文件大小单位

安装依赖

go get github.com/dustin/go-humanize
go get github.com/jinzhu/copier
go get github.com/samber/lo
go get github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/threading
go get github.com/xuri/excelize/v2

文件验证代码如下

func init() {
	validate, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate)
	if ok {
		validate.RegisterStructValidation(FileExeclUploadValidation, FileExeclUpload{})
	}
}

type FileExeclUpload struct {
	File *multipart.FileHeader `form:"file" binding:"required" fileSize:"10M" fileSuffix:"xlsx|xls" msg:"请上传10M大小内的Excel表格"`
}

// 文件验证
func FileExeclUploadValidation(sl validator.StructLevel) {
	form := sl.Current().Interface().(FileExeclUpload)
	formType := reflect.TypeOf(form)

	for i := 0; i < formType.NumField(); i++ {
		field := formType.Field(i)
		if field.Type != reflect.TypeOf(&multipart.FileHeader{}) {
			continue
		}

		fileTag := field.Tag.Get("form")
		if fileTag == "" {
			continue
		}

		fileField := reflect.ValueOf(form).Field(i)
		file := fileField.Interface().(*multipart.FileHeader)
		if file == nil {
			continue
		}

		fileSizeTag := field.Tag.Get("fileSize")
		if !CheckFileSize(file, fileSizeTag) {
			sl.ReportError(file, field.Name, "fileSize", "CheckFileSize", fmt.Sprintf("请上传%s大小内的文件", fileSizeTag))
		}

		fileSuffixTag := field.Tag.Get("fileSuffix")
		if !CheckFileSuffix(file, fileSuffixTag) {
			sl.ReportError(file, field.Name, "fileSuffix", "CheckFileSuffix", fmt.Sprintf("请上传扩展名为%s的文件", fileSuffixTag))
		}
	}
}

func CheckFileSize(file *multipart.FileHeader, fileSize string) bool {
	maxSize, err := humanize.ParseBytes(fileSize)
	if err != nil {
		maxSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024 // 10M
	}

	return uint64(file.Size) <= maxSize
}

func CheckFileSuffix(file *multipart.FileHeader, allowedSuffixes string) bool {
	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(file.Filename))
	allowed := strings.Split(allowedSuffixes, "|")
	for _, suffix := range allowed {
		if ext == "."+suffix {
			return true
		}
	}

	return false
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	v := validator.New()

	r.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
		req := request.FileExeclUpload{}
		// 参数验证
		if err := c.ShouldBind(&req); err != nil {
			response.Fail(c, response.Response{
				Code: 10001,
				Msg:  request.GetErrorMessage(err, req),
			})
			return
		}
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "File uploaded successfully!"})
	})

	r.Run(":8080")
}

2. golang在gin中实现大量excel数据上传插入

  • 数据量大的情况下一次性写入会导入时间、内存方面都会有问题
  • 我解决的方案就是分组导入,一次性导入1000、并发控制100
  • 在里面我使用了几个很实用的库
  • github.com/jinzhu/copier 可以B结构体数据复制给A结构体上面
  • github.com/samber/lo 操作map或者slice提供了很多方法
  • github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/threading 控制并发

这是第一种写法不是流式读取

controller/import.go

func ImportWhite(c *gin.Context) {
	req := request.FileExeclUpload{}
	// 参数验证
	if err := c.ShouldBind(&req); err != nil {
		response.Fail(c, response.Response{
			Code: 10001,
			Msg:  request.GetErrorMessage(err, req),
		})
		return
	}
	// 打开文件
	file, err := req.File.Open()
	if err != nil {
		response.Fail(c, response.Response{
			Code: 10001,
			Msg:  err.Error(),
		})
		return
	}
	defer func() {
		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
			fmt.Println(err.Error())
		}
	}()

	f, err := excelize.OpenReader(file)
	if err != nil {
		response.Fail(c, response.Response{
			Code: 10001,
			Msg:  err.Error(),
		})
		return
	}
	defer func() {
		if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
			fmt.Println(err.Error())
		}
	}()

	resp, err := service.ImportWhite(c, f)
	if err != nil {
		response.Fail(c, response.Response{
			Code: 10001,
			Msg:  err.Error(),
		})
		return
	}

	response.Success(c, response.Response{
		Code: 10000,
		Data: resp,
		Msg:  "导入成功",
	})
}

service/import.go

func ImportWhite(c *gin.Context, f *excelize.File) (*response.ImportWhiteResp, error) {
	var (
		response    = response.ImportWhiteResp{}
		now         = time.Now()
		creatorName = c.GetString("user_name")
		creatorId   = int32(c.GetInt("user_id"))
	)

	rows, err := f.GetRows(f.GetSheetName(f.GetActiveSheetIndex()))
	rows = rows[1:]
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// 只获取第一列去重
	nameList := []string{}
	lo.ForEach[[]string](rows, func(item []string, index int) {
		nameList = append(nameList, item[0])
	})
	yLen := len(nameList)
	nameList = lo.Uniq[string](nameList)
	response.FailTotal += uint32(yLen - len(nameList))

	// 并发插入
	namesBatches := lo.Chunk[string](nameList, 1000)
	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	task := threading.NewTaskRunner(100)
	for _, batch := range namesBatches {
		wg.Add(1)
		names := batch
		task.Schedule(func() {
			defer wg.Done()
			// 查询和插入
			uniqNum, err := model.CreateUniqWhite(names, creatorName, creatorId)
			if err == nil {
				response.SuccessTotal += uint32(len(names)) - uniqNum
			}
			response.FailTotal += uniqNum
		})
	}
	wg.Wait()
	return &response, nil
}

model/import.go

// 去重插入
func CreateUniqWhite(names []string, creatorName string, creatorId int32) (uniqNum uint32, err error) {
	now := time.Now()
	db := global.DB.Model(WhiteList{})
	// 查询
	list, err := GetWhiteNameListByNames(names)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	// 和数据库对比去重
	left, _ := lo.Difference[string](names, list)
	uniqNum += uint32(len(names) - len(left))
	whiteData := []WhiteList{}
	lo.ForEach[string](left, func(item string, _ int) {
		whiteData = append(whiteData, WhiteList{
			CreatorName: creatorName,
			CreatorID:   creatorId,
			CreatedAt:   now,
			WhiteName:   item,
		})
	})
	if len(whiteData) > 0 {
		err = db.Create(&whiteData).Error
	}
	return uniqNum, err
}

第二种方式改良版本快一倍,流式读取导入

service/import.go

// 改用流式读取比 10W数据导入本地6.7s-->比不是流式读取快一倍
func ImportWhite(c *gin.Context, f *excelize.File) (*response.ImportWhiteResp, error) {
	var (
		response    = response.ImportWhiteResp{}
		creatorName = c.GetString("user_name")
		creatorId   = int32(c.GetInt("user_id"))
	)

	excelReader := util.NewExcelReader(f)
	err := excelReader.ReadAndSendToChannel(1, 1000)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	task := threading.NewTaskRunner(100)

	for rows := range excelReader.DataChan {
		yLen := len(rows)
		// 第一列去重
		seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rows))
		names := lo.FilterMap[[]string, string](rows, func(item []string, index int) (string, bool) {
			name := item[0]
			if _, ok := seen[name]; ok {
				return name, false
			}
			seen[name] = struct{}{}
			return name, true
		})

		// 并发插入
		wg.Add(1)
		task.Schedule(func() {
			defer wg.Done()
			// 插入数据
			uniqNum, err := model.CreateUniqWhite(names, creatorName, creatorId)
			if err == nil {
				response.SuccessTotal += uint32(len(names)) - uniqNum
			}
			response.FailTotal += uniqNum + uint32(yLen-len(names))
		})
	}
	wg.Wait()

	return &response, nil
}

util/excel.go

package util

import (
	"github.com/samber/lo"
	"github.com/xuri/excelize/v2"
	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/threading"
)

type ExcelReader struct {
	file     *excelize.File
	DataChan chan [][]string
}

func NewExcelReader(file *excelize.File) *ExcelReader {
	return &ExcelReader{
		file:     file,
		DataChan: make(chan [][]string, 100),
	}
}

// start 从第几行开始读
// 每 n 份数量的数据发送到管道
func (r *ExcelReader) ReadAndSendToChannel(start int, num int) error {

	rows, err := r.file.Rows(r.file.GetSheetName(r.file.GetActiveSheetIndex()))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	results, count, i := make([][]string, 0, num), 0, 0

	// 这里我用的gozero封装的协程,里面带了异常捕获
	threading.GoSafe(func() {
		defer close(r.DataChan)
		defer rows.Close()
		
		for rows.Next() {
			i++
			if start >= i {
				continue
			}
			row, err := rows.Columns()
			if err != nil {
				break
			}
			if len(row) > 0 {
				count++
				results = append(results, row)
			}
			if count%num == 0 {
				r.DataChan <- results
				count = 0
				results = make([][]string, 0, num)
			}
		}
		if count > 0 {
			r.DataChan <- results
		}
	})

	return nil
}

model/import.go

var createMu sync.Mutex
// 去重插入
func CreateUniqWhite(names []string, creatorName string, creatorId int32) (uniqNum uint32, err error) {
	// 使用互斥锁,可能多个缓冲组数据有重复,插入就会报异常
	createMu.Lock()
	defer createMu.Unlock()
	…………其他代码不变
}

第三种导入方式不需要互斥锁增加过滤回调方法,在第二个方案上优化10w用时4.5s

util/excel.go 上新增一个方法

// start 从第几行开始读
// num 每 n 份数量的数据发送到管道
// columnsFilter 需要过滤的列
// predicate 过滤函数
func (r *ExcelReader) ReadAndSendToChannelFilter(start int, num int, columnsFilter []int, predicate func([]map[string]struct{}, []string) bool) error {

	rows, err := r.file.Rows(r.file.GetSheetName(r.file.GetActiveSheetIndex()))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	results, count, i := make([][]string, 0, num), 0, 0

	dataAll := make([]map[string]struct{}, len(columnsFilter))
	// 这里我用的gozero封装的协程,里面带了异常捕获
	threading.GoSafe(func() {
		defer close(r.DataChan)
		defer rows.Close()
		
		for rows.Next() {
			i++
			if start >= i {
				continue
			}
			row, err := rows.Columns()
			if err != nil {
				break
			}

			// 长度判断 + 过滤函数
			if len(row) <= 0 || predicate(dataAll, row) {
				continue
			}

			// 加入map切片
			lo.ForEach[int](columnsFilter, func(item, _ int) {
				key := row[item]
				seen := dataAll[item]
				if seen == nil {
					seen = make(map[string]struct{})
				}
				seen[key] = struct{}{}
				dataAll[item] = seen
			})

			// 加入队列切片
			count++
			results = append(results, row)

			// 重置计算器和切片
			if count-num == 0 {
				r.DataChan <- results
				count = 0
				results = make([][]string, 0, num)
			}
		}
		if count > 0 {
			r.DataChan <- results
		}
	})

	return nil
}

servcie/import.go 中使用新方法

	excelReader := util.NewExcelReader(f)
	// 旧方法
	// err := excelReader.ReadAndSendToChannel(1, 1000)
	// 过滤导入又快了2.1s 10w用时 4.61
	err := excelReader.ReadAndSendToChannelFilter(1, 1000, []int{0}, func(m []map[string]struct{}, s []string) bool {
		nameMap := m[0]
		name := s[0]
		_, ok := nameMap[name]
		if ok {
			response.FailTotal++
		}
		return ok
	})

model/import.go 中删掉 sync.Lock

// var createMu sync.Mutex
// 去重插入
func CreateUniqWhite(names []string, creatorName string, creatorId int32) (uniqNum uint32, err error) {
	// 使用互斥锁,可能多个缓冲组数据有重复,插入就会报异常 ---> 过滤导入不需要互斥锁
	// createMu.Lock()
	// defer createMu.Unlock()

到你自己项目中使用,你得改动一下request和response的struct

我只是给你们提供一下思路和代码片段

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