1. 分区

root@gitlab:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdfdc0daa.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.

Command (m for help): m       
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167): 
Using default value 3907029167

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

2. 格式化

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

3. mount

root@gitlab:~# mkdir -p /opt/data
root@gitlab:~# ls
root@gitlab:~# mount /dev/sda1 /opt/data

5. 修改 /etc/fstab

添加

UUID=84ddd48b-3cd6-4ce7-b450-f2d0e8538e3f /opt/data           ext4    defaults        0       2

在终端中输入下面的命令就可心查看到分区UUID了。
命令1.
sudo blkid

命令2.
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/

命令3.
ls -l /dev/disk/by-path/

命令4.
ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/