1、介绍

        Compose是一个定义和管理多容器的工具，使用Python语言编写。使用Compose配置文件描述多个容器应用的架构，比如使用什么镜像、数据卷、网络、映射端口等；然后一条命令管理所有服务，比如启动、停止、重启等。

2、安装

curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.15.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
或者
pip install docker-compose

 

3、nginx-tomcat-mysql架构

以下以安装nginx-tomcat-mysq架构简单展现Compose的使用

nginx Dockerfile文件

用于构建nginx镜像

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER www.luoshuyu.com
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre-devel
#把宿主机当前目录下的nginx包拷贝到镜像/tmp目录并解压
ADD nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz /tmp
#安装
RUN cd /tmp/nginx-1.12.1 && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && \
    make -j 2 && \
    make install
#删除nginx二进制文件
RUN rm -rf /tmp/nginx-1.12.1* && yum clean all
#拷贝宿主机当前目录下的已经配置好的nginx配置文件进行替换
COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf

tomcat Dockerfile文件

用于构建tomcat镜像

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER www.luoshuyu.com
#宿主机jdk路径
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45

ADD apache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz /usr/local
#拷贝宿主机当前目录下的已经配置好的tomcat配置文件进行替换
COPY server.xml /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/conf
RUN sed -i '1a JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"' /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/bin/catalina.sh 

RUN rm -f /usr/local/*.tar.gz

WORKDIR /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["./bin/catalina.sh", "run"]

mysql
mysql直接使用基础镜像，创建mysql目录用于存放配置文件和数据文件即可：
./mysql/conf
./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql

YAML语法

YAML是一种标记语言很直观的数据序列化格式，可读性高。类似于XML数据描述语言，语法比XML简单的很多。
YAML数据结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号来表示，键值对用冒号分隔，数组用中括号括起来，hash用花括号括起来。
YAML文件格式注意事项：
1.不支持制表符tab键缩进，需要使用空格缩进
2.通常开头缩进2个空格
3.字符后缩进1个空格，如冒号、逗号、横杆
4.用井号注释
5.如果包含特殊字符用单引号引起来
6.布尔值（true、false、yes、no、on、off）必须用引号括起来，这样分析器会将他们解释为字符串。

compose字段说明

docker-compose.yml

构建nginx-tomcat-mysql

version: '3'
services:
#nginx
  nginx:
    hostname: nginx
    build:
      context: ./nginx #上下文，即相对目录
      dockerfile: Dockerfile #Dockerfile构建镜像
    ports:
      - 82:80 #主机82端口映射到容器80
    networks: #使用网络
      - lnmt
    volumes:  #主机./webapps映射到容器目录
      - ./webapps:/opt/webapps
#tomcat
  tomcat01:
    hostname: tomcat01
    build: ./tomcat
    networks:
      - lnmt
    volumes:
      - /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
      - ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps

  tomcat02:
    hostname: tomcat02
    build: ./tomcat
    networks:
      - lnmt
    volumes:
      - /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
      - ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps
#mysql
  mysql:
    hostname: mysql
    image: mysql:5.6
    ports:
      - 3307:3306
    networks:
      - lnmt
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d #主机mysql配置文件和数据目录映射到容器目录
      - ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
    environment: #环境变量
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
      MYSQL_DATABASE: db
      MYSQL_USER: user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: user123

networks: #定义网络
  lnmt:

一键构建nginx-tomcat-mysql架构

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
#-f 指定yml文件 -d 后台运行

4、附录（相关配置文件）

nginx

#nginx.conf
user  root; 
worker_processes  auto; 
error_log  logs/error.log  info;
pid        logs/nginx.pid; 

events {
    use epoll; 
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
					  
    access_log logs/access.log main;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    
    upstream www.example.com {
        #ip_hash;
        server tomcat01:8080;
	server tomcat02:8080;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
	
	location / {
	    proxy_pass http://www.example.com;
	}
        location ~ \.(html|css|js|jpg|png|gif)$ {
            root /opt/webapps/ROOT;
        }
    }
}

tomcat

#server.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

 
  <GlobalNamingResources>
   
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

 
  <Service name="Catalina">

    
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    

    
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
       
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

       
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

mysql

#my.cnf
[mysqld]
user=mysql
port=3306
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
log_error=/var/log/mysql/error.log
character_set_server = utf8
max_connections=3600