什么是LNMP架构

LNMP平台就是Linux、Ngnix、 MySQL、 PHP的组合架构，需要Linux服务器、MySQL数据库、PHP解析环境

MySQL安装配置

为了与Nginx、PHP环境保持一致，此处选择采用源代码编译的方式安装MySQL组件

MySQL部署的方法

编译安装MySQL

优化调整

初始化数据库

启动mysq|服务并设置root数据库账号的密码

PHP解析环境的安装

配置网页动静分离，解析PHP,有两种方法可以选择

使用PHP的FPM模块

将访问PHP页面的Web请求转交给Apache服务器去处理

较新版本的PHP已经自带FPM模块，用来对PHP解析实例进行管理、优化解析效率

FastCGI将Http Server和动态脚本语言分离开

Nginx专门处理静态请求，转发动态请求

PHP_FPM专门 ]解析PHP动态请求

单服务器的LNMP架构通常使用FPM的方式来解析PHP，本次也使用FPM模块处理动态请求。

PHP编译安装步骤

编译安装PHP

编译选项时添加"--enable-fpm” 以启用此模块

安装后的调整，主要是配置文件的建立与相应命令工具的路径优化

安装ZendGuardloader (提高PHP解析效率)，并进行加载配置

实验准备

1.将宿主机上的工具包共享出去

2.通过Samba服务将工具包挂载到Linux系统

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools

[root@localhost ~]# smbclient -L //192.168.100.50/

Enter SAMBA\root's password:

OS=[Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 17763] Server=[Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 6.3]

Sharename Type Comment

--------- ---- -------

IPC$ IPC 远程 IPC

share Disk

tools Disk

Users Disk

Connection to 192.168.100.50 failed (Error NT_STATUS_RESOURCE_NAME_NOT_FOUND)

NetBIOS over TCP disabled -- no workgroup available

[root@localhost ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.50/tools /mnt/tools/

Password for root@//192.168.100.50/tools:

[root@localhost ~]#

编译安装Nginx服务

1.将nginx服务源码包解压到“/opt/”目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/tools/

[root@localhost tools]# ls

awstats-7.6.tar.gz extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 forbid.png jdk-8u191-windows-x64.zip LAMP-C7 picture.jpg

cronolog-1.6.2-14.el7.x86_64.rpm fiddler.exe intellijideahahau2018.rar john-1.8.0.tar.gz LNMP

[root@localhost tools]# cd LNMP/

[root@localhost LNMP]# ls

Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 php-7.1.20.tar.gz

[root@localhost LNMP]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt/

...............//省略解压过程

[root@localhost LNMP]#

2.安装编译所需工具包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel -y

...........//省略安装过程

[root@localhost ~]#

3.切换到nginx服务源码包目录，创建一个nginx用户

[root@localhost LNMP]# cd /opt/

[root@localhost opt]# ls

nginx-1.12.2 rh

[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.12.2/

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ls

auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]#

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx //-M 不创建家目录

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# id nginx

uid=1001(nginx) gid=1001(nginx) 组=1001(nginx)

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]#

4.配置nginx服务

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \

> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ //安装路径

> --user=nginx \ //属主

> --group=nginx \ //属组

> --with-http_stub_status_module //启用统计模块

5.编译安装nginx服务

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install

..........//省略过程

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]#

6.在易于系统识别的目录下，建立nginx服务命令的软链接

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/ //建立软链接

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t //配置文件测试

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]#

7.制作nginx服务管理脚本(任选一种即可)

脚本一：通过“systemctl”命令管理

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd /lib/systemd/system

[root@localhost system]# vim nginx.service

[Unit]

Description=nginx

After=network.target

[Service]

Type=forking

PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID

ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID

PrivateTmp=true

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@localhost system]# chmod 754 nginx.service //添加执行权限

[root@localhost system]# systemctl start nginx.service //开启服务

[root@localhost system]# netstat -ntap | grep 80 //查看tcp80端口

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 52924/nginx: master

[root@localhost system]#

[root@localhost system]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙

[root@localhost system]# setenforce 0

[root@localhost system]#

脚本二：通过“service”命令管理

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: - 99 20

# description: Nginx Service Control Script

PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

case "$1" in

start)

$PROG

;;

stop)

kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)

;;

restart)

$0 stop

$0 start

;;

reload)

kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]#

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx //添加执行权限

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx //添加让service能识别nginx服务

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]#

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start //开启服务

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# netstat -ntap | grep 80 //查看tcp80端口

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 58696/nginx: master

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]#

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# setenforce 0

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]#

8.用宿主机浏览器访问nginx服务

编译安装MySQL

1.安装编译mysql所需环境包

[root@localhost system]# yum install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake -y

.........//省略安装过程

[root@localhost system]#

2.添加一个mysql用户

[root@localhost system]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

[root@localhost system]#

3.将mysql源码包解压到“/opt/”目录下

[root@localhost system]# cd /mnt/tools/LNMP/

[root@localhost LNMP]# ls

Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 php-7.1.20.tar.gz

[root@localhost LNMP]# tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz -C /opt/

............//省略解压过程

[root@localhost LNMP]#

4.配置mysql服务

[root@localhost LNMP]#cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20/

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# ls

boost cmd-line-utils Docs libevent mysys source_downloads VERSION

BUILD config.h.cmake Doxyfile-perfschema libmysql mysys_ssl sql VERSION.dep

client configure.cmake extra libmysqld packaging sql-common vio

cmake COPYING include libservices plugin storage win

CMakeCache.txt CPackConfig.cmake info_macros.cmake make_dist.cmake rapid strings zlib

CMakeFiles CPackSourceConfig.cmake INSTALL Makefile README support-files

cmake_install.cmake CTestTestfile.cmake libbinlogevents man regex testclients

CMakeLists.txt dbug libbinlogstandalone mysql-test scripts unittest

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cmake \

> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ //安装路径

> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ //定义sock文件连接数据库文件

> -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ //配置文件目录

> -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ //PID文件目录

> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ //指定字符集，utf8支持中文字符

> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ 指定字符集默认

> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ 存储引擎

> -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ //数据库数据文件目录

> -DWITH_BOOST=boost \ //底层运行库

> -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 //主从参数

5.编译安装MySQL服务

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# make && make install

...........//省略编译过程

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]#

6.更改数据库目录属主、属组

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]#

7.修改配置文件

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[client] //客户端

port = 3306

default-character-set=utf8

socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql] //客户端

port = 3306

default-character-set=utf8

socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld] //服务器

user = mysql //用户

basedir = /usr/local/mysql //设置mysql的安装目录

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data //设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录

port = 3306 //设置3306端口

character_set_server=utf8 //中文字符集

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid //pid文件路径

socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock //sock文件路径

server-id = 1 //主从参数

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

//支持模块

8.将mysql相关命令添加本地环境配置中

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile

//将MySQL写到本地环境配置中

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile //设置全局环境配置

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# source /etc/profile //重新加载配置文件

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]#

9.初始化数据库

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@localhost mysql]# ls

bin COPYING COPYING-test docs include lib man mysql-test README README-test share support-files usr

[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld \

> --initialize-insecure \ //初始化

> --user=mysql \ //用户

> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ //安装目录

> --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data //数据库数据文件目录

10.将MySQL服务配置文件复制到/usr/lib/systemd/system/下便于使用systemctl管理

[root@localhost mysql]# cp usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /lib/systemd/system/

//复制

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld.service //启动服务

[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -ntap | grep 3306 //查看tcp3306端口

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 78684/mysqld

[root@localhost mysql]#

11.配置MySQL密码

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqladmin -u root -p password

Enter password:

New password:

Confirm new password:

Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

[root@localhost mysql]#

12.尝试登陆MySQL数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5

Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit //退出数据库

Bye

[root@localhost mysql]#

编译安装PHP

1.安装编译所需环境包

[root@localhost mysql]# yum -y install \

> libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ //jpeg图片格式和开发包

> libpng libpng-devel \ //png图片和开发包

> freetype freetype-devel \ //字体库

> libxml2 libxml2-devel \ xml文件库

> zlib zlib-devel \ //压缩库

> curl curl-devel \ //支持数据文件下载工具

> openssl openssl-devel //安全访问连接

2.解压源码包

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /mnt/tools/LNMP/

[root@localhost LNMP]# ls

Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 php-7.1.20.tar.gz

[root@localhost LNMP]# tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 -C /opt/

..........//省略过程

[root@localhost LNMP]#

3.配置PHP服务

[root@localhost LNMP]# cd /opt/php-7.1.10

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# ./configure

--prefix=/usr/local/php //安装路径

--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock //连接文件建立通信桥梁

--with-mysqli //客户端支持库

--with-zlib //压缩

--with-curl //支持上传下载功能

--with-gd //gd图像支持图片处理库

--with-jpeg-dir //jpeg

--with-png-dir //png

--with-freetype-dir //字体

--with-openssl //安全访问连接

--enable-fpm //fpm支持动态请求模块

--enable-mbstring //支持多字节的字符串

--enable-xml //xml文件

--enable-session //session支持会话

--enable-ftp //ftp服务

--enable-pdo //驱动连接管理

--enable-tokenizer //PHP自带函数

--enable-zip //zip压缩包

4.编译安装

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# make && make install

..........//省略过程

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]#

5.配置核心配置文件(php.ini核心配置文件，php-fpm.conf进程服务配置文件，www.conf扩展配置文件 )

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini //复制到安装目录lib库中

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini //配置核心配置文件

mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock //默认连接文件

date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai //时区

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -m

[PHP Modules]

Core

ctype

curl

date

...........//省略部分内容

zip

zlib

[Zend Modules]

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]#

6.配置及优化FPM模块

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/

[root@localhost etc]# ls

pear.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d

[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf //优化复制默认进程服务配置文件

[root@localhost etc]# vim php-fpm.conf

pid = run/php-fpm.pid //开启fpm.pid进程

[root@localhost etc]#

[root@localhost etc]# ls

pear.conf php-fpm.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d

[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls

www.conf.default

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf //优化复制扩展配置文件

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# netstat -ntap | grep 9000 //查看端口信息

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 87363/php-fpm: mast

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ //查看端口信息

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]#

7.让Nginx支持PHP功能

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //配置nginx配置文件

location ~ \.php$ {

root html;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; //修改站点路径

include fastcgi_params;

}

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# systemctl stop nginx.service //关闭服务

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# systemctl start nginx.service //开启服务

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]#

8.创建PHP测试网页

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/

[root@localhost html]# ls

50x.html index.html

[root@localhost html]# mv index.html index.php //修改名称

[root@localhost html]# ls

50x.html index.php

[root@localhost html]# vim index.php

phpinfo();

?>

[root@localhost html]#

9.用宿主机访问网页

10.进入MySQL数据库创建bbs数据库

[root@localhost html]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password: //进入数据库，密码为之前设定的

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database bbs; //创建bbs数据库

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'%' identified by 'admin123';

//给bbs数据库中的所有表格提升权限，同时创建管理数据库的用户"bbsuser"，设置密码。

"%"表示可以从所有终端访问

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)

mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'localhost' identified by 'admin123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges; //刷新数据库

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit //退出

Bye

[root@localhost html]#

安装Discuz论坛

1.将discuz压缩包解压到“/opt/”目录下

[root@localhost html]# cd /mnt/tools/LNMP/

[root@localhost LNMP]# ls

Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 php-7.1.20.tar.gz

[root@localhost LNMP]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip -d /opt/ //解压

............//省略过程

[root@localhost LNMP]#

2.将解压目录下的upload复制到html站点中，命名为bbs

[root@localhost LNMP]# cd /opt/dir_SC_UTF8/

[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# ls

readme upload utility

[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs

[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]#

3.进入bbs站点目录，给相关目录文件修改属组和提权

[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/

[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./config/

[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./data/

[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./uc_client/

[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./uc_server/

[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./config/

[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./data/

[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./uc_client/

[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./uc_server/

4.访问192.168.52.133/bbs站点，安装Discuz论坛

5.设置运行环境为全新安装

6.安装数据库

7.成功搭建论坛

8.访问论坛