参考： http://blog.csdn.net/hjl240/article/details/51520003 

1.去openCV 官网下载最新的源代码。 

2. 解压

unzip opencv-3.2.0.zip

3.安装（进入到解压的路径，编译）

cd  opencv-3.2.0  # 你的路径  
mkdir release  
cd release  
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..  
make  
sudo make install  

注：我在这步出现了些问题，由于缺少部分依赖，在执行下面的c代码的时候会报错。所以在编译之前，先要检查两个依赖是否安装：

libgtk2.0-dev  和 pkg-config

sudo apt-get install *** 就可以安装了。安装完成之后在执行第三步编译等。

报错信息如下：

➜  test ./DisplayImage opencv.jpeg
OpenCV Error: Unspecified error (The function is not implemented. Rebuild the library with Windows, GTK+ 2.x or Carbon support. If you are on Ubuntu or Debian, install libgtk2.0-dev and pkg-config, then re-run cmake or configure script) in cvNamedWindow, file /home/menglei/opencv/opencv-3.2.0/modules/highgui/src/window.cpp, line 565
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'cv::Exception'
  what():  /home/menglei/opencv/opencv-3.2.0/modules/highgui/src/window.cpp:565: error: (-2) The function is not implemented. Rebuild the library with Windows, GTK+ 2.x or Carbon support. If you are on Ubuntu or Debian, install libgtk2.0-dev and pkg-config, then re-run cmake or configure script in function cvNamedWindow

4.c++代码测试。

mkdir ~/opencv-test  
cd ~/opencv-test  
vi DisplayImage.cpp  #编辑下这个文件。填写下面的内容

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>  
using namespace cv;  
int main(int argc, char** argv )  
{  
    if ( argc != 2 )  
    {  
        printf("usage: DisplayImage.out <Image_Path>\n");  
        return -1;  
    }  
    Mat image;  
    image = imread( argv[1], 1 );  
    if ( !image.data )  
    {  
        printf("No image data \n");  
        return -1;  
    }  
    namedWindow("Display Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );  
    imshow("Display Image", image);  
    waitKey(0);  
    return 0;  
} 

5.写一个cmake编译上面的代码

touch CMakeLists.txt  
vi CMakeLists.txt  

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)  
project( DisplayImage )  
find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )  
add_executable( DisplayImage DisplayImage.cpp )  
target_link_libraries( DisplayImage ${OpenCV_LIBS} ) 

编译

cd opencv-test  
cmake .  
make  

运行

此时opencv-test文件夹中已经产生了可执行文件DisplayImage，随便从网上下载一张图片放在opencv-test文件夹下，此处下载了opencv.jpg，然后运行

6. 安装python-opencv 等

sudo apt-get install python-opencv  
sudo apt-get install python-numpy 

7. 检测

python 

import cv 

如果成功表示安装完成

查看demo

cd opencv-3.2.0/samples/python

python demo.py

如果运行不起来，可能是缺乏什么python库，安装一下就好了。  比如sudo apt-get install python-tk