平时python开发的时候经常遇到编码错误的问题，例如 Windows 系统默认编码是 gbk ，而 gitbash 使用 utf8 ，或者某些 vscode 插件（如 QML Preview）运行出错，编码错误。这个问题可以设置 python 系统环境为变量 utf8 全局解决：

设置系统环境变量：

方式1： Windows左下角 - 搜索：编辑系统环境变量 - 下方系统环境变量“新建” - 变量名： PYTHONUTF8 - 变量值 1

方式2： 管理员身份打开 PS ，运行 [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PYTHONUTF8", "1", "Machine")

如果是 vscode 插件编码错误，实测重启 vscode 就能生效

打开 powershell 查看是否设置成功：

# 查看是否生效
Echo $Env:PYTHONUTF8
# 查看 python 是否设置成功 
python -c "import sys; print(sys.getdefaultencoding())"

能解决以下错误

类似错误 gitbash：

Exception in thread Thread-3 (_readerthread):
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\threading.py", line 1038, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\threading.py", line 975, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1597, in _readerthread
    buffer.append(fh.read())
                  ^^^^^^^^^
UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xae in position 363: illegal multibyte sequence

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\exception_handler.py", line 16, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main.py", line 111, in main_sourced
        print(activator.execute(), end="")
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 192, in execute
        return getattr(self, self.command)()
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 158, in activate
        builder_result = self.build_activate(self.env_name_or_prefix)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 336, in build_activate
        return self._build_activate_stack(env_name_or_prefix, False)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 388, in _build_activate_stack
        path=self.pathsep_join(self._add_prefix_to_path(prefix)),
                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 614, in _add_prefix_to_path
        path_list = list(self.path_conversion(self._get_starting_path_list()))
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py", line 852, in native_path_to_unix
        ).stdout.strip()
                 ^^^^^
    AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'strip'

`$ D:\Program\miniconda3\Scripts\conda-script.py shell.posix activate base`

可以看出出错的位置在 D:\Program\miniconda3\Lib\site-packages\conda\activate.py文件中，打开文件出错的地方，在 unix_path = run(...)中添加 encoding='utf-8'，修改后如下：

        # if present, use cygpath to convert paths since its more reliable
        unix_path = run(
            [cygpath, "--path", joined],
            text=True,
            capture_output=True,
            check=True,
            encoding='utf-8'
        ).stdout.strip()

这时候新建终端就不会有问题了：
类似错误 QML Preview：

Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:\Engineer\python\pySimpleGUI\env\Lib\site-packages\PySide6\scripts\qml.py", line 156, in <module> if 'import QtQuick' in myfile.read(): ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa8 in position 974: illegal multibyte sequence Command failed: