Windows10安装dlib失败的几点原因

因为学习Python需要，需要安装dlib库，踩了许多个坑，尝试了种种方法，那一片红色的报错依然刺眼，发现问题，寻找问题的根源，终于找到解决方法。

1.安装dlib前需要有依赖库，cmake和boost。
多简单的问题对不对？

pip install cmake
pip install boost

潇洒回车，轻松安装好，然后

pip install dlib

潇洒回车，潇洒报错…

Collecting dlib
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/05/57/e8a8caa3c89a27f80bc78da39c423e2553f482a3705adc619176a3a24b36/dlib-19.17.0.tar.gz (3.4MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 3.4MB 14kB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: dlib
  Building wheel for dlib (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Complete output from command 'f:\python36\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\fu\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-t50q34ym\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d 'C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-g2i4oztb' --python-tag cp36:
  ERROR: running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  package init file 'dlib\__init__.py' not found (or not a regular file)
  running build_ext
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 120, in get_cmake_version
      out = subprocess.check_output(['cmake', '--version'])
    File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 356, in check_output
      **kwargs).stdout
    File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 423, in run
      with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
    File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 729, in __init__
      restore_signals, start_new_session)
    File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 1017, in _execute_child
      startupinfo)
  FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。

  During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 261, in <module>
      'Topic :: Software Development',
    File "f:\python36\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 143, in setup
      return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
      dist.run_commands()
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
      self.run_command(cmd)
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "f:\python36\lib\site-packages\wheel\bdist_wheel.py", line 192, in run
      self.run_command('build')
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
      self.run_command(cmd_name)
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 129, in run
      cmake_version = self.get_cmake_version()
    File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 125, in get_cmake_version
      "\n*******************************************************************\n")
  RuntimeError:
  *******************************************************************
   CMake must be installed to build the following extensions: dlib
  *******************************************************************

  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib
  Running setup.py clean for dlib
Failed to build dlib
Installing collected packages: dlib
  Running setup.py install for dlib ... error
    ERROR: Complete output from command 'f:\python36\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\fu\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-t50q34ym\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-4kwg7hfv\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    ERROR: running install
    running build
    running build_py
    package init file 'dlib\__init__.py' not found (or not a regular file)
    running build_ext
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 120, in get_cmake_version
        out = subprocess.check_output(['cmake', '--version'])
      File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 356, in check_output
        **kwargs).stdout
      File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 423, in run
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
      File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 729, in __init__
        restore_signals, start_new_session)
      File "f:\python36\lib\subprocess.py", line 1017, in _execute_child
        startupinfo)
    FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 261, in <module>
        'Topic :: Software Development',
      File "f:\python36\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 143, in setup
        return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "f:\python36\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 61, in run
        return orig.install.run(self)
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\command\install.py", line 545, in run
        self.run_command('build')
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
        self.run_command(cmd_name)
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "f:\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 129, in run
        cmake_version = self.get_cmake_version()
      File "C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\setup.py", line 125, in get_cmake_version
        "\n*******************************************************************\n")
    RuntimeError:
    *******************************************************************
     CMake must be installed to build the following extensions: dlib
    *******************************************************************

    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "'f:\python36\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\fu\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-t50q34ym\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-4kwg7hfv\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\fu\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-t50q34ym\dlib\
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.1, however version 19.1.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

看看错误信息中有这个：

 RuntimeError:
  *******************************************************************
   CMake must be installed to build the following extensions: dlib
  *******************************************************************

我就奇怪，我不是已经安装好这个cmake了嘛，你怎么还是不行。
2.不仅要安装cmake，还要下载visual studio20xx，要有C++的环境
官方下载地址：Visual Studio 2019
看一下度娘对cmake的介绍：

CMake是一个跨平台的安装（编译）工具，可以用简单的语句来描述所有平台的安装(编译过程)。他能够输出各种各样的makefile或者project文件，能测试编译器所支持的C++特性,类似UNIX下的automake。只是
CMake 的组态档取名为 CMakeLists.txt。

编译工具，那应该要有编译环境啊。

刚开始配置的时候，我也发现要安装这个vs，那就装呗，装好，还是不行，因为我安装了vs在安装的时候…

还不知道这个cmake是什么时候，我想，既然是Python的库，那我就安装Python这个模块就可以了，硬盘空间寸土寸金，然后，那片红色依然刺眼，当事人表示非常后悔…所以，一定要点上C++那个模块。

最后

pip install dlib

Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Processing c:\users\ccc\appdata\local\pip\cache\wheels\5f\8b\5d\aea9c00e6b02ac6ce8b91db2c607b51044718ae7a09c0963f1\dl
ib-19.19.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: dlib
Successfully installed dlib-19.19.0

希望能够帮助你。